Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Elections and Campaigns

Elections

Deepfakes in Elections and Campaigns

Candidates, campaign staff and election administrators have always adapted to new technologies, from political TV ads in the mid-20th century to more recent cryptocurrency contributions. With the emergence of AI programs that can produce realistic images, videos and voices—often referred to as deepfakes—both campaigns and state policymakers have responded. 

Twenty-four states have enacted laws regulating the use of political deepfakes. States have generally taken two approaches: prohibitions and disclosures. Two states—Minnesota and Texas— prohibit the publication of political deepfakes a certain number of days prior to an election. The other 22 states require disclosures on the media, similar to those required for who paid for a political ad, stating if it contains a deepfake. Colorado and Utah require additional disclosures in the meta data— descriptive information about a file’s creator, when the file was created, when the file was edited, etc. Some states have criminal impersonation laws that predate the internet, which may apply to AI impersonations. But some states with these laws—like Wisconsin—have opted to enact a separate law specific to deepfakes.  

Statutes may use different terms such as “deepfake,” “synthetic media” or “deceptive media” when referring to AI generated media. While each term refers to the same thing, differences in definitions and statutory phrasing impact how the laws work in practice. For more information on how states define AI, please see State Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Related Terms Definition Examples. 

The table below captures statutes explicitly governing the use of AI in campaigns and elections, including when the law was first enacted, what type of regulation it is, a summary and any penalties for violating the provisions. A list of legislation on AI in campaigns and elections can be found in the legislation section below the table. For information on AI broadly, please see NCSL’s  Artificial Intelligence Policy Toolkit.

State Statutes on Deepfakes in Campaigns
State	Statute	Year Enacted	Type	Summary	Penalties
Alabama	Ala. Code § 17-5-16.1	2024	Disclosure	Requires materially deceptive media intended to harm the reputation and electoral prospects of a candidate published within 90 days before an election to include a disclaimer stating that it has been manipulated. If it was generated from existing media, it must include a citation directing a viewer to the unedited version.	Civil A person may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of the materially deceptive media. If an injunctive relief request is frivolous, a defendant may be awarded with attorney costs and fees. A plaintiff may be awarded attorney costs and fees if they are awarded permanent injunctive relief. Criminal First violations are a Class A misdemeanor. Second violations within five years of the first are a Class D felony.
Arizona	Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 16-1023, 1024	2024	Disclosure	Requires synthetic media published within 90 days of an election to include a disclaimer stating that it was generated by AI.	Civil A person may seek preliminary and permanent declaratory relief. A person may be subject to a civil penalty for each day they distribute the media without a disclosure.
California	Cal. Election Code §§ 20010, 20012 Cal. Election Code §§ 20510 et seq. Cal. Govt. Code § 84514	2019, 2024	Disclosure    Social Media Content Moderation	Requires materially deceptive media intended to harm a candidate or deceive voters into voting for or against a candidate published within 120 days of an election and 60 days after an election to include a disclosure stating that the media has been manipulated.   Requires satire and parody to include a disclosure stating it is for the purposes of satire and parody.  Requires qualified political advertisements to include a disclosure stating that the ad was generated in whole or substantially by AI.  Requires large online platforms to develop techniques to identify and remove deceptive content from their websites within 120 days of an election and 60 days after an election. Requires them to accept reports from candidates, elected officials and election officials.	Civil  A candidate may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of the deceptive media. A candidate may seek general or special damages, including attorney's fees and costs.
Colorado	Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 1-45-111.5, 1-46-102 et seq.	2024	Disclosure  Digitally Embedded Disclosure	Requires deepfakes depicting candidates published within 60 days of an election to include a disclosure stating that the media was edited.   Requires the media's metadata to contain the disclosure statement, what tool was used to create the deepfake and the time the deepfake was created.	Civil  A candidate may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of the deepfake. A candidate may seek action for compensatory and punitive damages, along with attorney fees. A civil penalty of at least 10% of the amount paid to advertise or promote the deepfake. A civil penalty of at least $100 per violation if there were no payments for advertising or promotion.
Delaware	Del. Code Ann. tit. 15, § 5145	2024	Disclosure	Requires synthetic media published within 90 days of an election to include a disclaimer stating that it was altered or artificially generated.	Civil The prevailing party may be awarded attorneys’ fees and costs.  A candidate may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of the synthetic media.  A candidate may seek damages.  Criminal A violation is a class B misdemeanor.  A violation is a class A misdemeanor if done with the intent to cause violence or bodily harm, or is a second violation within five years of another violation.
Florida	Fla. Stat. § 106.145	2024	Disclosure	Requires media generated by AI that depicts another person performing an action that did not occur with the intent to harm a candidate or deceive voters regarding a ballot issue to include a disclaimer stating that the media was created by AI.	Criminal A person who fails to include the disclaimer is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree.
Hawaii	Hawaii Rev. Stat. §§ 11-303, 11-304	2024	Disclosure	Requires materially deceptive media intended to harm a candidate published between the first business day of February through the general election to include a disclosure stating the appearance, speech or conduct depicted in the media did not actually occur.	Civil A person depicted may seek general and special damages. A person may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of the materially deceptive media. A court may issue a restraining order. A civil fine may be imposed of $1,000 per day for violating a court order.
Idaho	Idaho Code § 67-6628A	2024	Disclosure	Requires synthetic media that deceptively represents a candidate to include a disclosure that the media has been manipulated.	Civil A candidate may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of the synthetic media. A candidate may seek general or special damages, including attorney's fees and costs.
Indiana	Ind. Code § 3-9-8	2024	Disclosure	Requires fabricated media intended to injure a candidate or influence the outcome of an election to include a disclaimer that the media has been digitally altered or artificially generated.	Civil A candidate may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of the fabricated media. A candidate may seek actual damages including court costs and attorney's fees.
Kentucky	SB 4 (2025)	2025	Disclosure	Requires synthetic media published within 45 days before an election that includes a candidate to include a disclosure that it contains synthetic media.	Civil A candidate may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of the synthetic media. A candidate may seek attorney’s fees and costs.
Michigan	Mich. Comp. Laws §§ 168.932f 169.247	2023	Disclosure	Requires materially deceptive media intended to harm a candidate and deceive voters into voting for or against a candidate published within 90 days of an election to include a disclosure that the media has been manipulated.	Civil A candidate may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of the deceptive media. If the request for injunctive relief is frivolous, attorney fees and costs may be awarded to the defendant. Criminal First violation is punishable with a maximum of 90 days in prison and/or a fine of $500. Second violations within five years of the first are punishable with a maximum of five years in prison and/or a fine of $1,000.
Minnesota	Minn. Stat §609.771	2023, Amended 2024	Prohibition	Prohibits the publication of deepfake media intended to harm a candidate and without the consent of the depicted individual after the start of an absentee voting period or 90 days prior to a nominating convention.	Civil A person may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of the deepfake. Criminal First violation is punishable with a maximum of 90 days in prison and/or a fine of $1,000. Second violation within five years of the first are punishable with a maximum of five years in prison and/or a fine of $10,000. Violations that result in violence or bodily harm are punishable with a maximum of one year in prison and/or a fine of $3,000.
Mississippi	Miss. Code Ann. § 97-13-47	2024	Disclosure	Requires digitizations done without the consent of the individual depicted and intended to injure a candidate or influence an election published within 90 days of an election to contain a disclosure stating that the conduct or speech depicted did not actually occur.	Civil A person may seek injunctive relief to prohibit and take down the publication of the digitization. Criminal Violations with the intent to cause violence, or if a person has committed a violation in the past five years, is punishable with a maximum of five years in prison and/or a maximum fine of $10,000. All other violations are punishable with a maximum of one year in prison and/or a maximum fine of $5,000.
Montana	SB 25 (2025)	2025	Disclosure	Requires a deepfake published 60 days before an election intended to injure a candidate or party or deceive a voter to include a disclosure that the media was edited by AI.	Civil  A candidate or political party may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of the deepfake.  A candidate or political party may be awarded damages up to $10,000, in addition to fees and costs. First violations may result in civil penalties imposed by the commissioner of political practices or county attorney. Criminal Second violations punishable with a maximum of 6 months in jail and/or a fine of $500. Third violations punishable with a maximum of 2 years in prison and/or a fine of $5000.
New Mexico	N.M. Stat. Ann. §§ 1-19-26.4, 1-19-26.8	2024	Disclosure	Requires materially deceptive media intended to alter voting behaviors published within 90 days of an election to include a disclosure that the media has been manipulated.	Civil The state ethics commission may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of the deceptive media. A civil penalty up to $1,000 for each violation not to exceed $20,000 total.
New Hampshire	N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 664:14-c	2024	Disclosure	Requires an AI generated message published within 90 days of an election to include a disclosure stating it was manipulated or generated by AI.	Civil A candidate or election official may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of a deepfake. A candidate or election official may seek general or special damages. A court may award attorney's fees and costs.
New York	N.Y. Election Law § 14-106	2024	Disclosure	Requires political communications containing materially deceptive media to disclose that the media has been manipulated.	Civil A candidate may seek court costs and attorneys' fees. A candidate may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of the materially deceptive media.
North Dakota	HB 1167 (2025)	2025	Disclosure	Requires media created by artificial intelligence to include a disclosure that the media was generated by artificial intelligence.	No penalties specific to this law found.
Oregon	Or. Rev. Stat. § 260.345	2024	Disclosure	Requires campaign communications that contain synthetic media to include a disclosure stating that the media has been manipulated.	Civil Any person may seek a restraining order, prohibition or injunction along with attorney fees. A penalty of no more than $10,000.
South Dakota	SB 164 (2025)	2025	Disclosure	Requires a deepfake published 90 days before an election intended to injure a candidate to include a disclosure that the media was manipulated or generated by AI.	Civil A candidate or depicted individual may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of the deepfake.
Texas	Tex. Election Code Ann. § 255.004	2019	Prohibition	Prohibits the publication of deepfake videos to harm a candidate or influence an election 30 days prior to an election.	Criminal Punishable with a class A misdemeanor which results in a maximum of 1 year in prison and/or a fine of $4,000.
Utah	Utah Code Ann. § 20A-11-1104	2024	Disclosure Digitally Embedded Disclosure	Requires synthetic media intended to influence voting to contain a disclaimer that it was generated by AI. Requires the media to be embedded with tamper-evident digital content provenance that discloses the author, creator, and any other entities that subsequently altered the media and disclosure of the use of AI to create or edit the media.	Civil A civil penalty of up to $1,000 for each violation.
Washington	Wash. Rev. Code §42.62.020	2023	Disclosure	Requires a disclosure on synthetic media used to depict a candidate.	Civil A candidate may seek injunctive relief to prohibit the publication of the synthetic media. A candidate may seek general or special damages, including attorney's fees and costs.
Wisconsin	Wis. Stat. § 11.1303	2024	Disclosure	Requires synthetic media intended to influence the outcome of an election to include a disclosure stating that the media was generated by AI. Those who comply with these requirements may still be subject to violations of publishing false representations of candidates or referendum under Wis. Stat. § 12.05.	Civil Forfeiture up to $1,000 for each violation.

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2025 Legislation on A.I. in Elections and Campaigns
State	Bill	Title	Summary	Status
Alaska	AK S 2	Deepfake Disclosure	Relates to the disclosure of election related deepfakes; relates to use of artificial intelligence by State agencies; relates to the transfer of data about individuals between State agencies.	Pending
Alaska	AK S 33	Synthetic Media Liability	Relates to defamation claims based on the use of synthetic media; relates to the use of synthetic media in electioneering communications.	Pending
Alaska	AK S 64	Elections	Relates to elections; relates to voters; relates to voting; relates to voter registration; relates to election administration; relates to the Alaska Public Offices Commission; relates to campaign contributions; relates to the crimes of unlawful interference with voting in the first degree, unlawful interference with an election, and election official misconduct; relates to synthetic media in electioneering communications; relates to campaign signs; relates to voter registration on permanent fund dividend.	Pending
Arkansas	AR H 1041	Deceptive and Fraudulent Deepfakes in Elections	Prohibits deceptive and fraudulent deepfakes in election communications; provides for a cause of action and civil penalties for the use of deceptive and fraudulent deepfakes and for other purposes; provides that a person may, within ninety days of an election in which a candidate for an elected office will appear on the ballot, distribute synthetic media that the person knows or should know is a deceptive and fraudulent deepfake of a candidate or party on the state or local ballot if the synthetic media.	Failed
Arkansas	AR H 1141	Criminal Offenses	Creates criminal offenses related to deceptive and injurious media in the course of election campaigns; provides that it shall be unlawful for a person to purposely injure a candidate for office in the State by creating or causing to be created a deep fake and publishing, distributing, or causing to be published or distributed the deep fake a specified number of days before the date of the general election and on the date of the general election with the knowledge that the communication was a deep fake.	Failed
Colorado	CO S 288	Intimate Digital Depictions Criminal Civil Actions	Concerns preventing certain disclosures of intimate depictions; creates a cause of action for nonconsensual disclosure of an intimate digital depiction and adding and amending related provisions in criminal law; creates a cause of action against a person who discloses or threatens to disclose a realistic visual depiction of another individual that has been created, altered, or produced by generative AI, image editing software, or computer-generated means.	To Governor
Conneticut	CT H 6846	Artificial Intelligence Deceptive Synthetic Media	Concerns artificial intelligence, deceptive synthetic media and elections; prohibits distribution of certain deceptive synthetic media within the ninety-day period preceding an election or primary.	Pending
Florida	FL S 7026	Information Technology	Creates the Agency for State Systems and Enterprise Technology; requires that the Division of Elections comprehensive risk assessment comply with the risk assessment methodology developed by asset; requires agencies and the judicial branch to include a cumulative inventory and a certain status report of specified projects with their legislative budget requests; revises the powers, duties, and functions of the Department of Management Services, through the State Digital Service.	Failed
Georgia	GA S 9	Election Interference	Establishes the criminal offenses of fraudulent election interference and solicitation of such; provides for exceptions; provides for the Attorney General to have concurrent jurisdiction over such crimes; provides for punishment; provides for injunctive relief; provides for the State Election Board to publish results of investigations into such offenses; provides for certain disclaimers on campaign advertisements that use AI generated media; provide for the form of such disclaimers.	Pending - Carryover
Idaho	ID H 308	Campaign Finance	Amends, repeals, and adds to existing law to provide for campaign finance transparency.	Failed - Adjourned
Idaho	ID H 308	Campaign Finance	Amends, repeals, and adds to existing law to provide for campaign finance transparency.	Failed - Adjourned
Idaho	ID H 399	Campaign Finance	Amends, repeals, and adds to existing law to provide for campaign finance transparency.	Failed - Adjourned
Illinois	IL H 1860	Election Code	Amends the Election Code; provides that a person shall not distribute, or enter into an agreement with another person to distribute, materially deceptive media if: the person knows the media falsely represents a depicted individual; the distribution occurs within 90 days before an election; the person intends the distribution to harm the reputation or electoral prospects of a candidate in an election or otherwise deceive voters; the person intends the distribution to change the voting behavior.	Pending
Illinois	IL H 3303	Election Code	Amends the Election Code; provides that a person shall not distribute, or enter into an agreement with another person to distribute, materially deceptive media if the person knows the media falsely represents a depicted individual; the distribution occurs within a specified days before an election; the person intends the distribution to harm the reputation or electoral prospects of a candidate in an election and the distribution is reasonably likely to cause that result.	Pending
Illinois	IL S 150	Election Code and AI Advert Disclosure	Amends the Election Code; provides that, if a person, committee, or other entity; creates, originally publishes, or originally distributes a qualified political advertisement, the qualified political advertisement; includes in a clear and conspicuous manner, a statement that the qualified political advertisement; generates in whole or substantially by artificial intelligence; satisfies specified requirements; provides for civil penalties and exceptions to the provision.	Pending
Kentucky	KY H 672	Protection of Information	Defines terms relating to artificial intelligence; requires the Commonwealth Office of Technology to establishes and implement policy standards for the use of artificial intelligence; creates the Artificial intelligence Governance Committee; relates to tasks the committee with the establishment of responsible, ethical, and transparent procedures for the allowable use, development, and approval of artificial intelligence for any department, program, cabinet, agency, and administrative body.	Failed - Adjourned
Kentucky	KY S 4	Protection of Information	Defines terms relating to artificial intelligence; provides that a department, agency, or administrative body shall disclose to the public, through a clear and conspicuous disclaimer, when generative artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence systems, or other artificial intelligence-related capabilities are used, among other things, to render any decision regarding individual citizens or businesses within the state.	Enacted
Massachusetts	MA H 76	Materially Deceptive Election Related Communications	Relates to materially deceptive election-related communications.	Pending
Massachusetts	MA H 846	Synthetic Media in Political Advertising	Relates to disclosure requirements for synthetic media in political advertising.	Pending
Massachusetts	MA S 44	Election Communications	Relates to deceptive and fraudulent deepfakes in election communications.	Pending
Maryland	MD H 525	Fraudulent Vote Influencing	Prohibits a person from using fraud; influences or attempts to influence a voter's voting decision; provides that fraud; includes the use of synthetic media; defines synthetic media as an image, an audio recording, or a video recording that has been intentionally created or manipulated with the use of generative artificial intelligence or other digital technology; creates a realistic but false image, audio recording, or video recording.	Failed - Adjourned
Maryland	MD H 740	Campaign Materials Synthetic Media Usage Disclosure	Requires that candidates, campaign finance entities, and specified other persons, or agents of candidates, campaign finance entities, or specified other persons, that publish, distribute, or disseminate, or cause to be published, distributed, or disseminated, to another person in the state campaign materials that use or contain synthetic media include a specified disclosure in a specified manner; defines synthetic media as an image, an audio recording, or a video recording.	Failed - Adjourned
Maryland	MD H 983	Language Assistance Program	Establishes the Language Assistance Program; requires a local board of elections to participate in the Program if the State Board determines that there is a significant need for language assistance to voters in the county in a language other than English; requires the State Board to designate, not later than a certain date, certain languages other than English in which a local board that is required to participate in the Program must provide assistance to voters.	Enacted
Maryland	MD S 361	Fraudulent Vote Influencing	Prohibits a person from using fraud; influences or attempts to influence a voter's voting decision; provides that fraud; includes the use of synthetic media.	Failed - Adjourned
Maryland	MD S 685	Local Boards of Elections Language Assistance Program	Establishes the Language Assistance Program; requires a local board of elections to participate in the Program if the State Board determines that there is a significant need for language assistance to voters in the county in a language other than English; requires the State Board to designate, not later than a certain date, certain languages other than English in which a local board that is required to participate in the Program must provide assistance to voters.	Enacted
Maine	ME H 1125	Artificial Intelligence in Campaign Advertising	Regards to artificial intelligence in campaign advertising.	Pending
Missouri	MO H 362	Disclosure of Intimate Digital Depictions	Creates the offense of and civil penalties for disclosure of intimate digital depictions.	Pending
Missouri	MO H 673	AI Disclosure for Political Ads	Requires political ads produced using AI to have a disclosure and creates a penalty for failure to disclose the use of AI.	Pending
Missouri	MO S 509	Artificial Intelligence in Elections Provisions	Creates new provisions relating to the use of artificial intelligence in elections.	Pending
Mississippi	MS S 2642	AI Use in Political Advertisements	Amends Section 23-15-897, Mississippi Code of 1972, to require qualified political advertisements that utilize artificial intelligence to disclose the use of artificial intelligence to the public; defines what is considered a qualified political advertisement and artificial intelligence as used in this section; clarifies what information must be present in an advertisement to satisfy the disclosure requirement.	Failed
Montana	MT S 25	Use Of Deepfakes In Election Communications	Regulates the use of deepfakes in election communications and electioneering communications; provides definitions; provides exceptions; provides for injunctive relief, actual damages, and punitive damages; provides for the filing of a complaint with the commissioner of political practices; provides penalties.	Enacted
North Carolina	NC H 375	Artificial Intelligence	Regulates the use of deepfakes and deceptive advertisements in elections and protect minors and the general public from misuse of artificial intelligence and synthetic media.	Pending
North Carolina	NC H 934	Artificial Intelligence Regulatory Reform Act	Amends the criminal laws creates the offense of unlawful distribution of a deepfake; amends the civil procedure laws to grant immunity from civil liability to developers of artificial intelligence products used by learned professionals.	Pending
North Dakota	ND H 1167	Artificial Intelligence Disclosure Statements	Provides that any action taken for a political purpose, including communication and advertising in support of or opposition to a candidate, political committee, or a political party, or for the purpose of promoting passage or defeat of initiated or referred measures or petitions, containing images, graphics, videos, audio, text, or digital content created in whole or in part with the use of artificial intelligence to visually or audibly impersonate a human, prominently must state the specified disclaimer.	Enacted
Nebraska	NE L 615	Political Accountability and Disclosure Act	Prohibits distributing deepfakes under the Nebraska Political Accountability and Disclosure Act.	Pending
New Hampshire	NH H 630	Deepfake Materials of Political Candidates	Prevents the dissemination of deepfake materials of political candidates; provides that, with certain exceptions, a person, corporation, committee, or other entity shall not, within a specified number of days of an election at which a candidate for elective office will appear on the ballot, distribute a deepfake created using synthetic media technology that the person, corporation, committee or other entity knows or should have known is a deepfake of a candidate, election official, or party on the ballot.	Failed
New Jersey	NJ S 2544	Deceptive Audio or Visual Media	Establishes criminal penalties for production or dissemination of deceptive audio or visual media, commonly known as deepfakes; clarifies certain free speech exceptions applicable to interactive computer service providers, cloud services providers, commercial developers or providers of artificial intelligence technology, advertisers, the news media, and other media companies.	Pending
New Mexico	NM S 85	Campaign Finance Changes	Relates to campaign finance changes.	Failed - Adjourned
Nevada	NV A 271	Elections	Revises provisions relating to elections.	Failed
New York	NY A 6491	Creation and Dissemination of Synthetic Media	Prohibits the creation and dissemination of synthetic media within a specified number of days of an election with intent to unduly influence the outcome of an election; makes such act a class E felony.	Pending
New York	NY S 2414	Political Artificial Intelligence Disclaimer Act	Enacts the "Political Artificial Intelligence Disclaimer (PAID) act"; requires political communications that use synthetic media to disclose that they were created with the assistance of artificial intelligence; requires committees that use synthetic media to maintain records of such usage.	Pending
Ohio	OH H 185	Unauthorized Use of Individuals Persona	Makes changes to the law relating to the unauthorized use of an individual's persona and prohibits certain unauthorized deepfake recordings.	Pending
Oklahoma	OK S 894	Artificial Intelligence	Relates to artificial intelligence; defines terms; prohibits distribution of certain media within certain time period; requires certain disclosures; establishes requirements for certain disclosures; authorizes action for certain relief or award of damages; authorizes award for certain costs and fees; establishes certain civil penalties; provides exceptions to applicability of provisions; provides for codification; provides an effective date.	Pending
Pennsylvania	PA H 811	Fraudulent Misrepresentation of Candidates	Provides for civil liability for fraudulent misrepresentation of candidates; imposes penalties.	Pending
Rhode Island	RI H 5872	Regulate the Use of Synthetic Media in Elections	Creates the deceptive and fraudulent synthetic media in election communications chapter to regulate the use of synthetic media in elections; prohibits a candidate, authorized candidate campaign committee, political action committee, political party committee, or person or entity making an independent expenditure, within specified number of days, to know or should know is deceptive and fraudulent synthetic media.	Pending
Rhode Island	RI S 816	Deceptive and Fraudulent Synthetic Media in Elections	Creates the deceptive and fraudulent synthetic media in election communications chapter to regulate the use of synthetic media in elections.	Pending
South Carolina	SC H 3517	Deepfake Media Distribution	Prohibits the distribution of deceptive and fraudulent deepfake media of a candidate within ninety days of an election unless the media includes requisite disclosure language; authorizes a candidate whose likeness is depicted in media distributed in violation of this section to seek injunctive or other equitable relief as well as an action for damages against the distributor of the media.	Pending
South Dakota	SD S 164	Deepfake to Influence an Election	Prohibits the use of a deepfake to influence an election and provides a penalty therefor; provides that no person, with the intent to injure a candidate, may disseminate a deepfake or enter into a contract or other agreement to disseminate a deepfake, within a specified number of days of an election, if the person knows or reasonably should know the item being disseminated is a deepfake and does not include with the deepfake the specified disclosure; provides that a violation is a Class 1 misdemeanor.	Enacted
Tennessee	TN H 1299	Criminal Offenses	Creates a civil and criminal action for individuals who are the subject of an intimate digital depiction that is disclosed without the individual's consent under certain circumstances.	Pending
Tennessee	TN S 1346	Preventing Deepfake Images Act	Relates to the unauthorized use of a deepfake or an actual likeness; provides that an individual who is the subject of an intimate digital depiction that is intentionally disclosed without the consent of the individual, where such disclosure was made by a person who knows that, or recklessly disregards whether, the individual has not consented to such disclosure, may bring a civil action against that person; provides for damages and injunctions; provides that certain unauthorized depictions are felonies.	Enacted
Texas	TX H 366	Required Disclosures on Certain Political Advertising	Relates to required disclosures on certain political advertising that contains altered media; creates a criminal offense.	Pending
Texas	TX H 556	Artificially Generated Media	Relates to a criminal offense for the creation or distribution of certain artificially generated media with the intent to influence the outcome of an election.	Pending
Virginia	VA H 2479	Elections	Relates to elections; relates to political campaign advertisements; relates to synthetic media; relates to penalty; provides that it is unlawful for any committee organized or any person to sponsor an electioneering communication that contains synthetic media.	Vetoed
Virginia	VA S 775	Political Campaign Advertisements	Relates to elections; relates to election offenses; defines synthetic media as images or audio recordings of real events relating to an identifiable individual that have been intentionally altered in a manner that would cause a reasonable person to mistakenly believe that the manipulated image or audio is a recording of a real event and to have a fundamentally different understanding or impression of the expressive content of the image or audio than that person would have.	Vetoed
Vermont	VT S 23	Use of Synthetic Media in Elections	Relates to the use of synthetic media in elections.	Pending
West Virginia	WV S 484	Synthetic Media and Artificial Intelligence	Relates to disclosures and penalties associated with the use of synthetic media and artificial intelligence; relates to political programming or campaign advertising.	Failed - Adjourned

2024 Legislation on A.I. in Elections and Campaigns
State	Bill	Title	Summary	Status
Alaska	AK H 129	Voter Registration	Relates to voter registration; relates to candidate legal funds; relates to voting; relates to special needs voting; relates to absentee voting; relates to defamation claims based on the use of synthetic media; relates to the use of synthetic media in electioneering communications.	Failed - Adjourned
Alaska	AK H 358	Artificial Intelligence Usage	Relates to use of artificial intelligence to create or alter a representation of the voice or likeness of an individual.	Failed - Adjourned
Alaska	AK S 177	Artificial Intelligence	Relates to artificial intelligence.	Failed - Adjourned
Alabama	AL H 172	Distribution of Materially Deceptive Media	Relates to elections; provides that the distribution of materially deceptive media in an attempt to influence an upcoming election is a crime; authorizes certain parties to seek permanent injunctive relief against anyone who distributes materially deceptive media in an attempt to influence an upcoming election; provides definitions.	Enacted
Arizona	AZ H 2394	Candidates and Digital Impersonation	Provides that a candidate for public office who will appear on the ballot in the State or any citizen of the State may bring an action for digital impersonation within a specified number of years after the date that the person knows, or in the exercise of reasonable diligence should know, that a digital impersonation of that person was published; provides that the sole remedy on this cause of action is preliminary and permanent declaratory relief, with certain exceptions.	Enacted
Arizona	AZ S 1359	Election Communications and Deep Fakes and Prohibition	Provides that within ninety days before an election at which a candidate for elected office will appear on the ballot, a person who acts as a creator shall not create and distribute a synthetic media message that the person knows is a deceptive and fraudulent deepfake of that candidate that is on that ballot unless the synthetic media message includes a clear and conspicuous disclosure that conveys to a reasonable person that the media includes content generated by artificial intelligence.	Enacted
Arizona	AZ S 1515	Election Communications and Prohibition	Relates to election communications; relates to prohibition; relates to deep fakes.	Failed - Adjourned
California	CA A 2355	Political Reform Act of 1974: Political Advertisements	Requires a committee that creates, originally publishes, or originally distributes a qualified political advertisement to include in the advertisement a specified disclosure that the advertisement was generated or substantially altered using artificial intelligence. Specifies that any image, audio, video, or other media is generated or substantially altered using artificial intelligence if it is entirely created using artificial intelligence and would falsely appear to a reasonable person to be authentic.	Pending
California	CA A 2655	Defending Democracy from Deepfake Deception Act of 2024	Provides for the Defending Democracy from Deepfake Deception Act of 2024. Requires a large online platform to block the posting of materially deceptive content related to elections, during specified periods before and after an election. Authorizes candidates for elected office, elected officials, elections officials, the Attorney General, and a district attorney or city attorney to seek injunctive relief against a large online platform for noncompliance.	Pending
California	CA A 2839	Elections: Deceptive Media in Advertisements	Prohibits a person, committee, or other entity from knowingly distributing an advertisement or other election communication that contains certain materially deceptive content with malice. Authorizes a recipient of materially deceptive content, candidate or committee participating in the election, or elections official to file a civil action to enjoin the distribution of the media and to seek damages against the person, committee, or other entity that distributed it.	Pending
Colorado	CO H 1147	Candidate Election Deepfake Disclosures	Concerns the use of a deepfake in a communication related to a candidate for elective office, and, in connection therewith, requiring disclosure, providing for enforcement, and creating a private cause of action for candidates.	Enacted
Connecticut	CT H 5450	Artificial Intelligence Deceptive Synthetic Media	Concerns artificial intelligence, deceptive synthetic media and elections; provides that no person shall distribute, or enter into any agreement to distribute, a communication containing any image, audio or video of an individual during the ninety-day period preceding any election or primary if such person knows or should reasonably know that such image, audio or video is deceptive synthetic media, the communication containing such deceptive synthetic media is distributed without the consent.	Failed - Adjourned
District of Columbia	DC B 832	Deepfake Political Advertising Regulation	Requires that all candidates, political action committees, political committees, independent expenditure committees and other certain entities that publish, distribute, disseminate, or cause to be published, distributed, or disseminated, to another person in the District, certain campaign materials or political communications that use or contain artificial media created or produced using generative artificial intelligence include a certain disclosure in a certain manner.	Pending
Delaware	DE H 316	Deep Fakes in Elections	Relates to deep fakes in elections; provides that, with certain exceptions, it is unlawful for a person to distribute a deep fake or enter into a contract or other agreement to distribute a deep fake if the person knows or reasonably should know that the item being distributed is a deep fake and specified elements are present, including but not limited to when the distribution takes place within a specified number of days before an election.	To Governor
Florida	FL H 919	Artificial Intelligence Use in Political Advertising	Requires certain political advertisements, electioneering communications, or other miscellaneous advertisements to include a specified disclaimer; specifies requirements for the disclaimer; provides for criminal and civil penalties; authorizes any person to file certain complaints; provides for expedited hearings.	Enacted
Florida	FL S 850	Use of Artificial Intelligence in Political Advertising	Defines the term generative artificial intelligence; requires that certain political advertisements, electioneering communications, or other miscellaneous advertisements include a specified disclaimer; provides for civil penalties; authorizes the filing of complaints regarding violations with the Florida Elections Commission.	Failed
Georgia	GA H 986	Elections and Primaries	Establishes the criminal offenses of fraudulent election interference and solicitation of such; provides for the Attorney General to have concurrent jurisdiction over such crimes; provides for injunctive relief; requires the State Election Board to publish results of investigations into such offenses; provides that any person may use artificial intelligence generated content in any campaign advertisement, so long as the campaign advertisement discloses specified information.	Failed - Adjourned
Hawaii	HI H 1734	Campaign Advertisements	(House Minority Caucus Bill Package) Requires any campaign advertisement that contains any image, video footage, or audio recording that is created with the use of generative artificial intelligence to include a disclosure statement regarding the use of that technology; subjects violators to administrative fines.	Failed - Adjourned
Hawaii	HI H 1766	Electioneering Communications	Prohibits the distribution of advertisements before an election that a person knows or should have known are deceptive and fraudulent deepfakes of a candidate; provides that, with certain exceptions, no person shall, within a specified number of days before a primary or general election, distribute a synthetic media message in an advertisement that the person knows or should have known is a deceptive and fraudulent deepfake of a candidate; provides for a cause of action.	Failed - Adjourned
Hawaii	HI S 2396	Electioneering Communications	Prohibits the distribution of electioneering communications before an election that a person knows or should have known are deceptive and fraudulent deepfakes of a candidate or party.	Failed - Adjourned
Hawaii	HI S 2687	Deceptive Media	Provides that no person, with certain exceptions, shall recklessly distribute, or enter into an agreement with another person to distribute, between the first working day of February in every even-numbered year through the next general election, materially deceptive media in reckless disregard of the risk of harming the reputation or electoral prospects of a candidate in an election or changing the voting behavior of voters in an election; establishes criminal penalties and remedies for injured parties.	Enacted
Iowa	IA H 2499	Publication of Synthetic Media Concerning an Election	Relates to the publication of synthetic media concerning an election, and provides penalties.	Failed - Adjourned
Iowa	IA H 2549	Conduct of Elections	Relates to the conduct of elections, including the use of artificial intelligence and deceptive statements, and provides penalties.	Failed - Adjourned
Iowa	IA HSB 599	Conduct of Elections	Relates to the conduct of elections, including the use of artificial intelligence and deceptive statements, and provides penalties.	Failed - Adjourned
Iowa	IA S 2318	Publication of Synthetic Media Concerning an Election	Relates to the publication of synthetic media concerning an election, and provides penalties.	Failed - Adjourned
Idaho	ID H 407	Freedom From A.i.-Rigged Elections Act	Adds to existing law to provide for relief prohibiting the publication of synthetic media in electioneering communications, to establish provisions regarding an action prohibiting the publication of synthetic media in electioneering communications, and to provide exceptions.	Failed - Adjourned
Idaho	ID H 426	Freedom From Ai-Rigged Elections Act	Adds to existing law to provide for relief prohibiting the publication of synthetic media in electioneering communications, to establish provisions regarding an action prohibiting the publication of synthetic media in electioneering communications, and to provide exceptions.	Failed - Adjourned
Idaho	ID H 565	Electioneering Communications	Adds to and amends existing law to revise the definition of electioneering to provide for relief and prohibiting the publication of synthetic media in electioneering communications; establishes provisions regarding an action prohibiting the publication of synthetic media in electioneering communications; provides exceptions.	Failed - Adjourned
Idaho	ID H 664	Freedom From AI-Rigged (FAIR) Elections Act	Provides that a candidate whose action or speech is deceptively represented through the use of synthetic media in an electioneering communication may seek injunctive or other equitable relief prohibiting the publication of such synthetic media; provides that a candidate whose action or speech is deceptively represented through the use of synthetic media in an electioneering communication may bring an action for damages; provides an affirmative defense if the communication includes a specified disclosure.	Enacted
Illinois	IL H 4624	Election Code	Amends the Election Code; in provisions concerning the prevention of voting or candidate support and conspiracy to prevent voting, provides that the term deception or forgery includes, but is not limited to the creation and distribution of a digital replica or deceptive social media content that a reasonable person would incorrectly believe is a true depiction of an individual, is made by a government official or candidate for office within the State, or is an announcement or communication.	Pending
Illinois	IL H 4644	Election Code	Amends the Election Code; provides that a person shall not distribute, or enter into an agreement with another person to distribute, materially deceptive media if: the person knows the media falsely represents a depicted individual; the distribution occurs within specified number of days before an election; the person intends the distribution to harm the reputation or electoral prospects of a candidate in an election and the distribution is reasonably likely to cause that result.	Pending
Illinois	IL S 2762	Election Code	Amends the Election Code; provides that, if a person, committee, or other entity creates, originally publishes, or originally distributes a qualified political advertisement, the qualified political advertisement shall include, in a clear and conspicuous manner, a statement that the qualified political advertisement was generated in whole or substantially by artificial intelligence that satisfies specified requirements; provides for civil penalties and exceptions to the provision.	Pending
Illinois	IL S 2983	Election Code and Vote Prevention	Amends the Election Code; relates to provisions concerning the prevention of voting or candidate support and conspiracy to prevent voting, provides that the term deception or forgery includes, but is not limited to the creation and distribution of a digital replica or deceptive social media content that a reasonable person would incorrectly believe is a true depiction of an individual, is made by a government official or candidate for office within the State, or is an announcement or communication made.	Pending
Indiana	IN H 1133	Digitally Altered Media in Elections	Defines fabricated media; provides that if a campaign communication includes fabricated media depicting a candidate, the person that paid for the campaign communication must include a disclaimer, separate from the disclaimer; provides that a candidate depicted in fabricated media that is included in a campaign communication that does not include a disclaimer required may bring a civil action.	Enacted
Indiana	IN H 1283	Altered Media in Elections Usage	Relates to use of altered media in elections; defines fabricated media; allows a candidate depicted in fabricated media disseminated by a person in violation of this prohibition to bring a civil action against the person and specifies the relief that a court may grant a prevailing plaintiff.	Failed - Adjourned
Indiana	IN S 7	Use of Fabricated Media in Elections	Relates to use of fabricated media in elections; defines fabricated media as any of the following that is created through a generative adversarial network or other generative artificial intelligence technology, an altered facsimile of an audio or visual recording depicting an individual's speech, appearance, or conduct, the alteration of which, is made without the individual's consent, results in a materially inaccurate depiction of the individual's speech, appearance, or conduct.	Failed - Adjourned
Kansas	KS H 2559	Generative Artificial Intelligence in Election Campaign	Relates to prohibiting the use of generative artificial intelligence to create false representations of candidates in election campaign media or of state officials.	Failed
Kansas	KS H 2576	Signed Statements of Fair Campaign Practices	Relates to requiring the publication of signed statements of fair campaign practices and providing a cause of action for violations of such statements.	Failed - Adjourned
Kansas	KS S 375	Generative Artificial Intelligence in Election Campaign	Relates to prohibiting the use of generative artificial intelligence to create false representations of candidates in election campaign media or of state officials.	Failed - Adjourned
Kentucky	KY S 131	Election Provisions	Defines electioneering communication, information content provider, interactive computer service, sponsor, and synthetic media; establishes a cause of action for the use of synthetic media in an electioneering communication; establishes an affirmative defense that the electioneering communication includes a conspicuous disclosure; provides that the sponsor of the electioneering communication may be held liable, but the medium is not liable, except in certain circumstances.	Failed - Adjourned
Louisiana	LA S 97	Political Campaigns	Provides that no person shall cause to be distributed, or transmitted, any oral, visual, digital, or written material containing any statement or depiction which he knows or should be reasonably expected to know makes a false statement about or representation of a candidate in a primary or general election or about a proposition; provides that if the communication utilizes deep fake technology, artificial intelligence, or similar tools, it shall state that the communication contains these elements.	Vetoed
Massachusetts	MA H 4601	Makes Appropriations for the Fiscal Year	Makes appropriations for the fiscal year 2025 for the maintenance of the departments, boards, commissions, institutions, and certain activities of the commonwealth, for interest, sinking fund, and serial bond requirements, and for certain permanent improvements.	Pending
Massachusetts	MA S 2730	Election Communications	Relates to deceptive and fraudulent deepfakes in election communications.	Pending
Massachusetts	MA S 2831	Disinformation in Elections	Relates to disinformation in elections.	Pending
Maryland	MD H 872	Campaign Materials Synthetic Media Use Disclosure	Requires that candidates, campaign finance entities, and certain other persons, or agents of candidates, campaign finance entities, or certain other persons, that publish, distribute, or disseminate, or cause to be published, distributed, or disseminated, to another person in the State certain campaign materials that use or contain synthetic media include a certain disclosure in a certain manner.	Failed - Adjourned
Maryland	MD S 978	Election Law Synthetic Media Disclosure and Regulation	Requires certain persons that publish, distribute, or disseminate, or cause to be published, distributed, or disseminated synthetic media, to publish on their website or submit to the State Board of Elections for publication certain original media content; requires certain persons that publish, distribute, or disseminate or cause to be published, distributed, or disseminated synthetic media to include a certain disclosure in a certain manner.	Failed - Adjourned
Minnesota	MN H 3625	Public Safety	Relates to public safety; modifies the deep fake election crime; disqualifies a convicted person from holding elected office.	Failed - Adjourned
Missouri	MO H 2628	Distribution of Synthetic Media	Creates the offense of distribution of synthetic media relating to elections or candidates for public office.	Failed - Adjourned
Missouri	MO S 1444	Digitally Altered Media	Creates provisions relating to digitally altered media.	Failed - Adjourned
Mississippi	MS H 1267	Political Communications	Creates a new section of law to provide that if any political communications were generated in whole or in part by synthetic media using artificial intelligence algorithms, then such political communications shall have a clear and prominent disclaimer stating that the information contained in the political communication was generated using artificial intelligence algorithms; provides that if any published campaign materials or published printed materials were generated in whole or in part.	Failed
Mississippi	MS H 1689	Election Crime for Dissemination of a Deep Fake	Provides that a person who disseminates a deep fake shall be guilty of a crime if the person knows or had reason to know that the information being disseminated is a deep fake and the dissemination occurs within ninety days of an election, was disseminated without the consent of the depicted individual, and was disseminated with the intent to injure a candidate, influence the result of an election or deter any person from voting; provides definitions; provides the sentencing for the crime.	Failed
Mississippi	MS S 2423	Political Advertisements Using AI	Requires qualified political advertisements that utilize artificial intelligence to disclose the use of artificial intelligence to the public; defines what is considered a qualified political advertisement and artificial intelligence as used in this section; clarifies what information must be present in an advertisement to satisfy the disclosure requirement; specifies who is not liable for the failure of disclosure of the use of artificial intelligence.	Failed
Mississippi	MS S 2577	Wrongful Dissemination of Digitizations	Creates criminal penalties for the wrongful dissemination of digitizations.	Enacted
North Carolina	NC H 1072	Political Advertisements	Requires disclaimer in political advertisements using artificial intelligence (A.I.).	Pending
North Carolina	NC S 88	Absentee Ballots	Requires county boards to challenge ballots of ineligible voters due to death or felony conviction; requires the disclosure of the use of artificial intelligence in advertisements portraying misleading or false content; requires signature verification for executed absentee ballots before the ballot is accepted by county boards of elections, beginning in 2025; expands the pilot program for signature verification on executed absentee ballots through the 2024 general election.	Pending
North Carolina	NC S 880	Fraudulent Deepfakes in Election Communications	Prohibits the use of fraudulent deepfakes in election communications; appropriates funds for enforcement.	Pending
Nebraska	NE L 1203	Nebraska Political Accountability and Disclosure Act	Regulates artificial intelligence in media and political advertisement under the Nebraska Political Accountability and Disclosure Act.	Failed - Adjourned
New Hampshire	NH H 1432	Deepfakes	Prohibits certain uses of deepfakes and creates a private claim of action; establishes the crime of fraudulent use of deepfakes and sets penalties therefor; establishes a cause of action for fraudulent use of deepfakes; prohibits registration of lobbyists who have been found to have fraudulently used deepfakes in certain cases.	To Governor
New Hampshire	NH H 1500	Unlawful Distribution of Misleading Synthetic Media	Establishes the crimes of unlawful distribution of misleading synthetic media and unlawful distribution of election-related misleading synthetic media.	Pending
New Hampshire	NH H 1596	Artificial Intelligence Usage in Political Advertising	Requires a disclosure of deceptive artificial intelligence usage in political advertising; requires the disclosure of deceptive synthetic media and deceptive and fraudulent deep fakes usage in political advertising.	To Governor
New Hampshire	NH H 1710	Prohibited Use of Synthetic Media	Creates a civil cause of action for distribution of misleading synthetic media, and creates certain requirements and remedies for the use of synthetic media in election contexts; provides that a person engages in distribution of misleading synthetic media when the person purposely distributes or makes publicly available synthetic media purported to be of or by an identifiable person without the consent of the identifiable person, without displaying a conspicuous notice, and with the intent to mislead.	Failed
New Jersey	NJ S 3926	Fraudulent Impersonations or False Depictions	Expands crime of identity theft to include fraudulent impersonation or false depiction by means of artificial intelligence or deepfake technology.	Failed - Adjourned
New Jersey	NJ A 2818	Deceptive Audio or Visual Election Media	Concerns certain intentionally deceptive audio or visual media and elections; prohibits and imposes criminal penalty on disclosure of certain intentionally deceptive audio or visual media within specified days of election.	Pending
New Jersey	NJ A 3912	Identity Theft	Extends crime of identity theft to include fraudulent impersonation or false depiction by means of artificial intelligence or deepfake technology.	Pending
New Jersey	NJ S 736	Fraudulent Impersonations or False Depictions	Expands crime of identity theft to include fraudulent impersonation or false depiction by means of artificial intelligence or deepfake technology.	Pending
New Jersey	NJ S 2543	Deceptive Audio or Visual Media During Elections	Prohibits and imposes criminal penalty on distribution of certain intentionally deceptive audio or visual media within 90 days of election.	Pending
New Mexico	NM H 182	Campaign Reporting Act	Provides that if a person creates, produces or purchases an advertisement that contains materially deceptive media, which includes but is not limited to artificial intelligence, the advertisement shall include a disclaimer; creates the crime of distributing or entering into an agreement with another person to distribute materially deceptive media to, among other things, mislead electors; provides for civil and criminal penalties.	Enacted
New York	NY A 6790	Creation of Synthetic Media	Provides that a person who, with intent to injure a candidate or unduly influence the outcome of an election, creates or causes to be created a fabricated photographic, videographic, or audio record and causes such fabricated photographic, videographic, or audio record to be disseminated or published within a specified number of days of an election shall be guilty of a class E felony; specifies exceptions.	Pending
New York	NY A 7106	Political Artificial Intelligence Disclaimer (PAID) Act	Amends the Election Law, in relation to the use and disclosure of synthetic media; provides that any political communication which was produced by or includes any synthetic media shall be required to disclose the use of such synthetic media; provides that the disclosure on printed or digital political communications, including but not limited to brochures, flyers, posters, mailings, or internet advertising shall be printed or typed in an appropriate legible form.	Pending
New York	NY A 7904	Disclosure of the Use of Artificial Intelligence	Requires disclosure of the use of artificial intelligence in political communications; directs the state board of elections to create criteria for determining whether a political communication contains an image or video footage created through generative artificial intelligence and to create a definition of content generated by artificial intelligence.	Pending
New York	NY A 8808	Transportation and Economic Development Budget	Enacts into law major components of legislation necessary to implement the state transportation, economic development and environmental conservation budget for the specified state fiscal year.	Enacted
New York	NY A 9816	Candidate Depicted in Materially Deceptive Media	Permits a candidate who was depicted in materially deceptive media in a political communication to seek injunctive or other equitable relief prohibiting the publication of such materially deceptive media unless certain disclosures are provided; establishes an affirmative defense.	Pending
New York	NY S 6638	Political Artificial Intelligence Disclaimer Act	Provides that all political committees that make an expenditure for a political communication shall be required to disclose the identity of the political committee which made the expenditure for such political communication; provides that any political communication which was produced by or includes any synthetic media shall be required to disclose the use of such synthetic media; provides that all committees shall keep records of their use of synthetic media during each campaign cycle.	Pending
New York	NY S 7592	Disclosure of the Use of Artificial Intelligence	Requires disclosure of the use of artificial intelligence in political communications; provides that any political communication, regardless of whether such communication is considered a substantial or nominal expenditure, that uses an image or video footage that was generated in whole or in part with the use of artificial intelligence, as defined by the state board of elections, shall be required to disclose that artificial intelligence was used in such communication.	Pending
New York	NY S 8400	Creation of Synthetic Media to Influence Election	Provides that a person who, with intent to injure a candidate or unduly influence the outcome of an election, creates or causes to be created a fabricated photographic, videographic, or audio record and causes such fabricated photographic, videographic, or audio record to be disseminated or published within a specified number of days of an election shall be guilty of a class E felony; exempts dissemination or publication of synthetic media that was created for the purpose of political or social commentary.	Pending
New York	NY S 8631	Candidate Depicted in Materially Deceptive Media	Permits a candidate who was depicted in materially deceptive media in a political communication to seek injunctive or other equitable relief prohibiting the publication of such materially deceptive media unless certain disclosures are provided; establishes an affirmative defense.	Pending
New York	NY S 9678	Materially Deceptive Media in Political Communications	Relates to the Election Law and materially deceptive media in political communications; provides that a person, firm, association, corporation, campaign, committee, or organization that distributes or publishes any political communication that was produced by or includes materially deceptive media and has actual knowledge that it is deceptive shall be required to disclose this use; provides certain exceptions for, among others, media distributed by a bona fide news reporting entity for certain purposes.	Enacted
Ohio	OH H 410	Deepfake Media Dissemination	Regulates the dissemination of deepfake media for the purpose of influencing the results of an election.	Pending
Oklahoma	OK H 3825	Elections and Definition	Relates to elections; defines terms; prohibits deceptive and fraudulent deepfakes of candidates for elective office; provides exception with certain disclosure; provides for certain relief; provides for penalties; provides exemptions; provides for codification; provides an effective date.	Failed - Adjourned
Oklahoma	OK S 1655	Prohibited Media Distributions During Elections	Provides that a person, corporation, committee, or other entity shall not, within a specified number of days prior to an election at which a candidate for elective office will appear on the ballot, distribute a synthetic media message that the person, corporation, committee, or other entity knows or should have known is a deceptive and fraudulent deepfake of a candidate or party on the State or local ballot.	Failed - Adjourned
Oregon	OR S 1571	AI in Campaign Ads	Relates to the use of artificial intelligence in campaign communications; provides that a campaign communication that includes any form of synthetic media must include a disclosure stating that the image, audio recording or video recording has been manipulated; provides that the Secretary of State may institute proceedings to enjoin any violation of this requirement; provides that the court shall impose a civil penalty.	Enacted
Oregon	OR S 1571	AI in Campaign Ads	Relates to the use of artificial intelligence in campaign communications; provides that a campaign communication that includes any form of synthetic media must include a disclosure stating that the image, audio recording or video recording has been manipulated; provides that the Secretary of State may institute proceedings to enjoin any violation of this requirement; provides that the court shall impose a civil penalty.	Enacted
Pennsylvania	PA H 2079	Fraudulent Misrepresentation of a Candidate	Amends the act known as the Pennsylvania Election Code, in penalties; provides for the offense of fraudulent misrepresentation of a candidate; imposes a penalty.	Pending
Pennsylvania	PA H 2144	Election Advertising	Amends the act known as the Pennsylvania Election Code, in primary and election expenses; provides for advertising.	Pending
Pennsylvania	PA H 2353	Fraudulent Misrepresentation of Candidates	Provides for civil liability for fraudulent misrepresentation of candidates; imposes penalties.	Pending
Pennsylvania	PA S 1217	Fraudulent Misrepresentation of Candidates	Provides for civil liability for fraudulent misrepresentation of candidates; imposes penalties.	Pending
Rhode Island	RI H 7387	Deceptive and Fraudulent Synthetic Media in Election	Provides that a creator shall not, within a specified number of days of any election at which a candidate for elective office will appear on a ballot, distribute synthetic media that the creator knows or should know is deceptive and fraudulent synthetic media; provides that a candidate whose appearance, actions, or speech are depicted through the use of synthetic media in violation may seek injunctive or other equitable relief from the creator.	Pending
Rhode Island	RI H 8118	Election Campaign Contributions and Expenditures Report	Amends various sections of law relating to campaign contributions and expenditures including prohibitions on self-dealing with committee funds and would prohibit donations made in fictitious names; takes effect upon passage.	Pending
Rhode Island	RI S 2456	Synthetic Media in Election Communications	Prohibits a person, corporation, or political action committee from using synthetic media, within ninety days of any election; defines synthetic media as an image, an audio recording or a video recording of an individual's appearance, speech or conduct that has been intentionally manipulated with the use of generative adversarial network techniques or other digital technology to create a realistic but fake image.	Pending
South Carolina	SC H 4660	Deceptive and Fraudulent Deepfake Media	Prohibits the distribution of deceptive and fraudulent deepfake media of a candidate within ninety days of an election unless the media includes requisite disclosure language, and to authorize a candidate whose likeness is depicted in media distributed in violation of this section to seek injunctive or other equitable relief as well as an action for damages against the distributor of the media.	Failed - Adjourned
South Dakota	SD S 96	Deepfake Election Influence	Prohibits the use of a deepfake to influence an election, to provide a penalty therefor.	Failed - Adjourned
Tennessee	TN H 2185	Election Laws	Requires political advertisements that are created in whole or in part by artificial intelligence to include certain disclaimers; requires materially deceptive media disseminated for purposes of a political campaign to include certain disclaimers; establishes criminal penalties and the right to injunctive relief for violations.	Failed - Adjourned
Tennessee	TN H 2501	Election Laws	Requires political communications to contain a disclaimer if the communication was generated in whole or in part by synthetic media using artificial intelligence algorithms.	Failed - Adjourned
Tennessee	TN S 2057	Election Laws	Requires political advertisements that are created in whole or in part by artificial intelligence to include certain disclaimers; requires materially deceptive media disseminated for purposes of a political campaign to include certain disclaimers; establishes criminal penalties and the right to injunctive relief for violations.	Failed - Adjourned
Tennessee	TN S 2386	Election Laws	Requires political communications to contain a disclaimer if the communication was generated in whole or in part by synthetic media using artificial intelligence algorithms.	Failed - Adjourned
Utah	UT H 329	Artificial Intelligence in Political Advertising	Addresses artificial intelligence and political advertising.	Failed
Utah	UT S 131	Information Technology Act Amendments	Relates to an audio or visual communication that, among other things, is intended to influence voting for or against a candidate or ballot proposition in an election or primary in the State; provides that an audio communication that contains synthetic audio media shall include specified words audibly at the beginning and end of the communication; provides that a visual communication that contains synthetic media shall display specified words during each portion containing synthetic media.	Enacted
Washington	WA H 1442	Synthetic Media in Campaigns for Elective Office	Defines synthetic media in campaigns for elective office; provides relief for candidates and campaigns.	Failed - Adjourned
Wisconsin	WI A 664	Artificial Intelligence Content Disclosure	Concerns disclosures regarding content generated by artificial intelligence in political advertisements; grants rule making authority; provides for a penalty.	Enacted
Wisconsin	WI S 644	Content Generated by Artificial Intelligence Disclosure	Concerns disclosures regarding content generated by artificial intelligence in political advertisements; grants rule making authority; provides a penalty.	Failed
Wisconsin	WI S 644	Content Generated by Artificial Intelligence Disclosure	Concerns disclosures regarding content generated by artificial intelligence in political advertisements; grants rule making authority; provides a penalty.	Failed
West Virginia	WV H 4963	Artificial Intelligence to Attribute Remarks	Prohibits the use of deep fake technology to influence an election; provides that a person who disseminates a deep fake or enters into a contract or other agreement to disseminate a deep fake is guilty of a crime and may be sentenced in a specified manner if the person knows or reasonably should know that, among other things, the item being disseminated is a deep fake; provides for exemptions; provides for a cause of action for injunctive relief.	Failed - Adjourned
Wyoming	WY S 51	Unlawful Dissemination of Misleading Synthetic Media	Relates to consumer protection; prohibits the dissemination of synthetic media as specified; provides definitions; provides remedies; provides penalties; provides for an effective date.	Failed

2023 Legislation on A.I. in Elections and Campaigns
State	Bill	Status	Description
Arizona	SB 1565	Vetoed	Prohibits the use of AI in voting machines and software.
Illinois	SB 1742	Failed	Prohibits the use of deepfake videos to influence an election 30 days prior to an election.
Indiana	HB 1464	Failed	Requires a disclosure on doctored media used to influence an election.
Michigan	HB 5141	Enacted	Requires a disclosure on political ads generated by AI. (HB 5142 makes it a felony for failing to include the disclosure and HB 5143 defines AI)
Michigan	HB 5144	Enacted	Prohibits the publication of materially deceptive media 90 days prior to an election where a candidate will appear on the ballot, unless it includes a disclosure that the media has been manipulated. (HB 5145 makes it a felony)
Minnesota	HB 1370	Enacted	Prohibits the publication of deepfake media to influence an election 90 days prior to an election.
Minnesota	SB 1394	Failed	Prohibits the publication of deepfake media to influence an election 90 days prior to an election.
New Jersey	AB 5510	Failed	Prohibits the publication of deceptive media 90 days prior to an election where a candidate will appear on the ballot, unless it includes a disclosure that the media has been manipulated.
New Jersey	SB 366	Failed	Prohibits the publication of deceptive media 60 days prior to an election where a candidate will appear on the ballot, unless it includes a disclosure that the media has been manipulated.
New Jersey	SB 3926	Failed	Prohibits the use of videos that falsely depicts an election or policy debate.
New York	AB 6790	Failed	Prohibits the use of synthetic media videos to influence an election 60 days prior to an election.
New York	AB 7106	Failed	Requires political communications that contain synthetic media to contain a disclaimer.
New York	AB 7904	Failed	Requires political communications that contain material generated by AI to contain a disclaimer.
New York	SB 6638	Failed	Requires political communications that contain synthetic media to contain a disclaimer.
New York	SB 6859	Failed	Requires a disclosure on synthetic media used to influence an election.
Texas	SB 1044	Failed	Prohibits the publishing of deepfake videos to influence an election 90 days prior to an election.
Washington	SB 5152	Enacted	Requires a disclosure on synthetic media used to influence an election.
Wisconsin	AB 664	Introduced	Requires political communications that contain synthetic media to contain a disclaimer.

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