State Profiles: Elections

Chief election official: Secretary of State Wes Allen, elected in 2022 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: Probate Judge, Clerk of Circuit Court, Board of Registrars, Sheriff 

Number of jurisdictions: 67

State website: www.sos.alabama.gov/alabama-votes

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	Must be 18 by Election Day	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	15 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Not provided	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Not permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	12 p.m. on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Absentee voter only	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Not used	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	7 a.m. on Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	No post-election audits used	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Lieutenant Governor Nancy Dahlstrom; elected in 2022 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: Election Supervisor

Number of jurisdictions: 1

State website: www.elections.alaska.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	Permitted 90 days before turning 18	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted for Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections only	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	30 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 15 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	No-excuse absentee voting is permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Must be received within 10 days if postmarked on or before Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Not specified	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Seven days before Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters and voters with disabilities	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Top-four open primary	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Adrian Fontes; elected in 2022 for a four-year term  

Who runs elections locally: County Recorder, Elections Director

Number of jurisdictions: 15

State website: www.azsos.gov/elections

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Hybrid	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	Must be 18 by Election Day	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	29 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 27 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	No-excuse absentee voting is permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	7 p.m. on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Family member, household member or caregiver	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Upon receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	UOCAVA voters	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open to unaffiliated voters	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State John Thurston; elected in 2022 for a second four-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk, County Board of Election Commissioners

Number of jurisdictions: 75

State website: www.sos.arkansas.gov/elections

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	Not provided	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	Must be 18 by Election Day	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	30 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 15 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Not permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	7:30 p.m. on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	A voter’s designee	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Prohibits drop boxes	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Seven days before Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Shirley Weber; elected in 2022 for a four-year term 

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk, Registrar of Voters

Number of jurisdictions: 58

State website: www.sos.ca.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Bottom-up	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16 and 17-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID not required if presented at the time of registration	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 29 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted; ballots are mailed to all registered voters	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Seven days after Election Day*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	A voter’s designee	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	29 days before Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	UOCAVA voters only	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Top-two	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Ballots must be postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Jena Griswold; elected in 2022 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk

Number of jurisdictions: 64

State website: www.coloradosos.gov/pubs/elections

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16 and 17-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 15 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted; ballots are mailed to all registered voters	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	7 p.m. on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	A voter’s designee, or qualified election official	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Upon receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters and voters with disabilities	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open to unaffiliated voters	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Stephanie Thomas; elected in 2022 for a four-year term

Who runs election locally: Town Clerk, Registrar of Voters 

Number of jurisdictions: 169

State website: www.portal.ct.gov/SOTS

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	Must be 18 by Election Day	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 15 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Not permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Immediate family members or designated caregiver	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Not specified	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	At the discretion of the local registrar of voters	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Partially closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election authority: Delaware Department of Elections

Who runs elections locally: County Board of Election Commissioners

Number of jurisdictions: 3

State website: www.elections.delaware.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	4th Saturday preceding Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 10 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Used only during early voting	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Not permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Not specified	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Not specified	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	30 days before Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters and voters with disabilities	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 and D.C. states require post-election audits
State primary type	Closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election authority: District of Columbia Board of Elections

Number of jurisdictions: 1

District website: www.dcboe.org

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID not required if presented at the time of registration	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	12 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted; ballots are mailed to all registered voters	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Must be received within 7 days of Election Day*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Not specified	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Not specified	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Prior to tabulation, timing not specified	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters and voters with disabilities	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Ballot must be postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Cory Byrd; appointed by the governor in 2023

Who runs elections locally: County Supervisor of Elections

Number of jurisdictions: 67

State website: www.dos.fl.gov/elections

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Hybrid	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	29 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 10 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Emergency affidavit required to receive mail ballot	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	7 p.m. on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	A voter’s designee	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Upon receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	UOCAVA voters	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger; elected in 2022 for a second four-year term

Who runs elections locally: Board of Elections and Registration, Probate Judge, Board of Registrars, Election Supervisor and Registrar

Number of jurisdictions: 159

State website: https://sos.ga.gov/elections-division-georgia-secretary-states-office

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	37 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	17.5-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	29 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins on the 4th Monday before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	No-excuse absentee voting is permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Family members, household members or caregivers	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Signature verification upon receipt, all other processing on third Monday before Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election authority: Hawaii Office of Elections

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk, City Clerk (Honolulu)

Number of jurisdictions: 5

State website: www.elections.hawaii.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Hybrid	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID not required if presented at the time of registration	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 10 business days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted; ballots are mailed to all registered voter	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Voter can return ballot in “any manner”	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Upon receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters and voters with disabilities	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Phil McGrane; elected in 2022 for a 4-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk

Number of jurisdictions: 44

State website sos.idaho.gov/elections-division/

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION*
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Hybrid	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	Must be 18 by Election Day	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 3rd Monday before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	No-excuse absentee voting is permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	8 p.m. on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day**
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Not specified	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Not specified	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Upon receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Partially closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Idaho is NVRA exempt.

**Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election authority: Illinois Board of Elections

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk, County Election Commissioner, Municipal Election Commissions

Number of jurisdictions: 108

State website: www.elections.il.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Bottom-up	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	Must be 18 by Election Day*	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID not required if presented at the time of registration	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 40 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	No-excuse absentee voting is permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	14 days after the election**	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	A voter’s designee	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Upon receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Partially open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Preregistration is only available online or through AVR agencies.
**Ballot must be postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Diego Morales; elected in 2022 for a 4-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Board of Elections and Registration

Number of jurisdictions: 92

State website: www.in.gov/sos/elections/

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	Must be 18 by Election Day	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	29 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 28 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Not permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	6 p.m. on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Household, family members and bonded courier	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted**	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Upon receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters and voters with disabilities	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Partially open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

**Drop boxes are only permitted under control and supervision of the County Board of Elections.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Paul Pate; elected in 2022 for a 4-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Commissioner of Elections

Number of jurisdictions: 99

State website: www.sos.iowa.gov/elections

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	17.5-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 20 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	No-excuse absentee voting is permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	A voter’s household member, immediate family member or special precinct officials	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted*	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	The day before the election, if directed by the commissioner	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	UOCAVA active-duty voters or civilians living in imminent danger area as designated by the D.O.D.	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Partially open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

**Drop boxes are limited to one per county and must be located on election office property.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Scott Schwab; elected in 2022 for a 4-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk, Election Commissioner

Number of jurisdictions: 105

State website: www.sos.ks.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	Must be 18 by Election Day	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	21 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 20 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are authorized	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	No-excuse absentee voting is permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	3 days after Election Day*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Voter’s designee	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Not specified	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Prior to Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open to unaffiliated voters	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Ballots must be postmarked by close of polls on Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Michael Adams; elected in 2019 for a 4-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Board of Elections

Number of jurisdictions: 120

State website: www.elect.ky.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	Must be 18 by Election Day	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	29 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins the Thursday before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Not permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Family, household member or caregiver	32 states have laws governing ballot collection law
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	14 days before Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Kyle Ardoin, elected in 2019 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: Clerk of Court, Registrar of Voters

Number of jurisdictions: 64

State website: www.sos.la.gov/electionsandvoting

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	30 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 14 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Not permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Day before Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Immediate family member, must sign statement	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Prohibited	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Three days before Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	UOCAVA voters; absentee voters with approval	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Top-two primary	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Shannon Bellows, elected by the legislature for a two-year term

Who runs elections locally: Municipal Clerk, Registrar of Voters

Number of jurisdictions: 497

State website: www.maine.gov/sos/cec/

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Hybrid	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16 and 17-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day for in-person voting	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID not required if presented at the time of registration	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 35-40 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Voter’s designee	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	7 days before Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters and voters with disabilities	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Pilot after 2024 general election	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open to unaffiliated voters	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election authority: Maryland State Board of Elections

Who runs elections locally: County Board of Elections

Number of jurisdictions: 24

State website: www.elections.maryland.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID not required if presented at the time of registration	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins on the second Thursday before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used during the early voting period	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	10 days after Election Day*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Voter’s designee who is at least 18 years old with an affidavit	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	After the election	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Partially closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Ballots must be postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of the Commonwealth William Galvin; elected in 2022 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: City Clerks, Town Clerks, Registrars and Election Commissioners

Number of jurisdictions: 351

State website: www.sec.state.ma.us/divisions/elections/elections-and-voting.htm

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted during early voting	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	10 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID not required if presented at the time of registration*	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	17 days before Election Day**	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Used for early voting only	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted for mail ballots	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	5 p.m. on the 3rd day after the election***	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Voter’s family member	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Upon receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters and voters who cannot mark a paper ballot	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits only after presidential elections	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open to unaffiliated voters	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

* ID required for first-time voters and voters who cannot be verified by HAVA.

** EIPV dates are different for primaries.
***Ballots must be postmarked by Election Day for biennial state elections. Ballots must be received by the close of polls for primary and municipal elections.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson; elected in 2022 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk, Board of County Election Commissioners, Board of County Canvassers, City or Township Clerk, Board of City or Township Election Commission

Number of jurisdictions: 83

State website: www.michigan.gov/sos.elections

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16 and 17-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 9 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Immediate family or household members	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	7 a.m. on Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Steve Simon; elected in 2022 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Auditor, City or Township Clerk

Number of jurisdictions: 87

State website: https://www.sos.state.mn.us/elections-voting/

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION*
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16 and 17-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID not required if presented at the time of registration	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 46 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day**
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Voter’s designee	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	After close of business on the 19th day before Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Minnesota is NVRA exempt.

**Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Michael Watson, elected in 2019 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Board of Election Commissioners, County Registrar (Clerk of the Circuit Court), Municipal Election Commission

Number of jurisdictions: 82

State website: www.sos.ms.gov/elections-voting

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	Not provided	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	18 by the election	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	30 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Not provided	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Not permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	5 days after Election Day*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Not specified	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Prohibited	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	When polls open on Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	UOCAVA Voters	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Ballots must be postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Jay Ashcroft, elected in 2020 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk, Board of Election Commissioners

Number of jurisdictions: 116

State website: www.sos.mo.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Bottom-up	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	17.5-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	27 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	In-person absentee voting begins the second Tuesday before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Not permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Must be received by close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	A relative within the second degree of consanguinity and/or affinity	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Prohibited	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Five days before Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	UOCAVA voters with restrictions	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Christi Jacobsen, elected in 2020 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Election Administrator

Number of jurisdictions: 56

State website: www.sosmt.gov/elections/

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	Not provided	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	18 by the election	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	12 p.m. on the day before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 30 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Must be received by close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Caregiver, family or household member or acquaintance	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	3 business days before the election**	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	UOCAVA voters	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

**Counties that have fewer than 8,000 registered voters or fewer than 3,000 absentee voters may not begin ballot processing until 1 business day before Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Robert Evnen, elected in 2022 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk, Election Commissioner

Number of jurisdictions: 93

State website: www.sos.nebraska.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	18 by the election	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	11 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 30 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Must be received by close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Not specified	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process defined by statute	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Second Friday before Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	UOCAVA voters with prior approval	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Nonpartisan for state legislature; other primaries are closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Francisco V. Aguliar, elected in 2022 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk, Registrar of Voters

Number of jurisdictions: 17

State website: www.nvsos.gov/sos/elections

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Bottom-up	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	17-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID not required if presented at the time of registration	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins the 3rd Saturday before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted; ballots are mailed to all registered active voters	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are mailed to all registered active voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	5 p.m. on the fourth day after the election*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Voter’s designee	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Upon receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters and voters with disabilities, and tribal voters who live on a colony or reservation	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Ballots must be postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State David Scanlan, elected by the New Hampshire Legislature in 2022 for a two-year term

Who runs elections locally: City or Town Clerk, Moderator, Supervisors of the Checklist 

Number of jurisdictions: 320

State website: www.sos.nh.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION*
Online voter registration	Not provided	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	18 by the election	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Not provided	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Not permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Must be received by 5 p.m. on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day**
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Family member or staff member of care facility with identity confirmation by clerk	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Not specified	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	1 p.m. on Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Not required	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open to unaffiliated voters	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*New Hampshire is NVRA exempt.

**Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Lieutenant Governor Tahesha Way, appointed by the Governor in 2018

Who runs elections locally: County Board of Elections

Number of jurisdictions: 21

State website: www.nj.gov/state/elections/vote.shtml

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	17-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	21 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID not required if presented at the time of registration	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 45 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	6 days after Election Day*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Voter’s designee with proof of identity	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Upon receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters with a hard copy sent via postal mail	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Partially open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Ballots must be postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Maggie Toulouse Oliver, elected in 2022 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk, Board of Registration

Number of jurisdictions: 33

State website: www.sos.nm.gov/voting-and-elections/

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	18 by the election	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID not required if presented at the time of registration	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 28 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	7 p.m. on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	A member of the voter’s immediate family or household or voter’s caregiver	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Counties receiving more than 10,000 abs. ballots may begin processing 2 weeks before Election Day**	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

* Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.
** Counties that receive less than 10,000 absentee ballots may begin processing five days before Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election authority: New York State Board of Elections

Who runs elections locally: County Board of Elections

Number of jurisdictions: 62

State website: www.elections.ny.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Bottom-up	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	10 days before election day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID not required if presented at the time of registration	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 10 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Not permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	7 days after Election Day*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Not specified	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Within four days of receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Ballots must be postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election authority: North Carolina State Board of Elections

Who runs elections locally: County Board of Elections

Number of jurisdictions: 100

State website: www.ncsbe.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted through the DMV	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Same-day registration permitted through the early voting period	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	25 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins the 3rd Thursday before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	7:30 p.m. on Election Day*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Voter’s near relative or legal guardian	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Prohibited	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	5th Tuesday before Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters and voters with disabilities	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open to unaffiliated voters	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Ballots must be postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Michael Howe, elected in 2022 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Auditor

Number of jurisdictions: 53

State website: www.sos.nd.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION*
Online voter registration	ND does not have voter registration	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	ND does not have voter registration	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	ND does not have voter registration	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	ND does not have voter registration	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	ND does not have voter registration	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 15 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	4 p.m. on the day before Election Day**	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Not specified	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	3 business days before Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*North Dakota is NVRA exempt.

**Ballots that are postmarked by Election Day will be counted at the canvass, which takes place 13 days after Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Frank LaRose, elected in 2022 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Board of Elections

Number of jurisdictions: 88

State website: www.ohiosos.gov/elections/

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Bottom-up	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	18 by the election	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	30 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 29 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Four days after Election Day*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	A family member	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Before Election Day as determined by Board of Elections	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Partially open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Ballots must be postmarked by the day before Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election authority: Oklahoma State Election Board

Who runs elections locally: County Election Board

Number of jurisdictions: 77

State website: www.oklahoma.gov/elections

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	17.5-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	25 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins Wednesday before Election Day for general elections	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	7 p.m. on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Voter’s spouse can return by mail	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Not permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Examination may begin at 10 a.m. on the Thursday before Election Day, or earlier if permitted by the state board	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	UOCAVA voters may return ballot by fax	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Partially closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State LaVonne Griffin-Valade, appointed in 2023

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk, Elections Director and Manager

Number of jurisdictions: 36

State website: www.sos.oregon.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	21 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID not required if presented at the time of registration	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Conducts entirely by mail	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	7 days after Election Day*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Voter’s designee	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Upon receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Partially closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Ballots must be postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Al Schmidt, appointed by the Governor in 2023

Who runs elections locally: County Board of Elections

Number of jurisdictions: 67

State website: www.vote.pa.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	18 by the election	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	15 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID not required if presented at the time of registration	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	50 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	8 p.m. on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Voter only	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Not specified	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	7 a.m. on Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Gregg Amore, elected in 2022 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: Board of Canvassers in conjunction with the Rhode Island State Board of Elections

Number of jurisdictions: 39

State website: vote.ri.gov and www.elections.ri.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided*	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	30 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 20 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	8 p.m. on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day**
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Not specified	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	20 days before Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters and voters with disabilities	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open to unaffiliated voters	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Election Day registration is permitted for the presidential and vice-presidential election only.

**Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election authority: South Carolina Election Commission

Who runs elections locally: Board of Voter Registration and Elections

Number of jurisdictions: 46

State website: www.scvotes.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	18 by the election	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	30 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 2 weeks before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Not permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Voter’s designee	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Not permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	7 a.m. on two days preceding Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Monae L. Johnson, 2022 for a four-year term

Who runs election locally: County Auditors

Number of jurisdictions: 66

State website: www.sdsos.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	Not provided	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	Must be 18 by Election Day	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	15 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	In-person absentee voting begins 46 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Permitted	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Voter’s designee	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Prohibited	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Partially closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Tre Hargett, elected by the Tennessee State Legislature

Who runs elections locally: County Administrator of Elections

Number of jurisdictions: 95

State website: www.sos.tn.gov/elections

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Bottom-up	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	18 by the election	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	30 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 20 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Not permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	No statute; no one other than the voter can return a ballot	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Not permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Upon receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Jane Nelson, appointed by the Governor

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk, County Elections Administrator

Number of jurisdictions: 254

State website: www.votetexas.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	Not provided	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Hybrid	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	Individuals 17 years and 10 months old may register	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	30 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Begins 17 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Permitted	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Not permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	5 p.m. the day after Election Day*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Household members or family members within second or third degree	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Not permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Upon receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters living in a hostile fire area	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Ballots must be postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Lieutenant Governor Diedre Henderson, elected in 2020 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk

Number of jurisdictions: 29

State website: www.vote.utah.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Hybrid	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	14 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted; ballots are mailed to all registered voters	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Noon on the day of the official canvass*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Not specified	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Four states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Before election day, exact timing not specified	32 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters and voters with disabilities	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Partially closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Ballot must be postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Sarah Copeland Hanzas, elected in 2022 for a two-year term

Who runs elections locally: Town Clerk, Board of Civil Authority

Number of jurisdictions: 247

State website: www.sos.vermont.gov/elections/

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	18 by the election	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID not required if presented at the time of registration	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	45 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted; ballots are mailed to all registered voters for general elections	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are mailed to all registered voters for general elections only	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day*
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Not specified	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permits drop boxes on municipal property	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	30 days before Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election authority: Virginia Department of Elections

Who runs elections locally: County and City Electoral Boards, County and City General Registrars

Number of jurisdictions: 133

State website: www.elections.virginia.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16 and 17-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	22 days before election or on Election Day to vote via provisional ballot	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	45 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	No, ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	12 p.m. three days after the election*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Voter only if in person; mail and drop boxes not specified	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Upon receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Ballot must be postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Steve Hobbs, elected in 2022 to serve until 2024

Who runs elections locally:  County Auditor, Election Director (in King County only)

Number of jurisdictions: 39

State website: www.sos.wa.gov/elections

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Hybrid	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	16 and 17-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	18 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers are used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted; ballots are mailed to all registered voters	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Not specified*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Not specified	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	Ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Upon receipt	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Top-two	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Ballot must be postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Mac Warner, elected in 2020 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: Clerk of the County Commission

Number of jurisdictions: 55

State website: www.sos.wv.gov/elections

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	AVR permitted	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	17-year-olds may preregister	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Not provided	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	21 days before Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	Between 3 and 13 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Not permitted	27 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	No, ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Must be received before the fifth day after the election, excluding Sundays and holidays*	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	An individual may deliver up to two absentee ballots	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Not specified	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Permitted for UOCAVA voters, voters with disabilities and qualified first responders	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Partially closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

* Ballot must be postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election authority: Wisconsin Elections Commission

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk, Municipal Clerk, Municipal Board of Election Commissioners, County Board of Election Commissioners

Number of jurisdictions: 1,851

State website: www.elections.wi.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION*
Online voter registration	OVR permitted	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	18 by the election	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	14 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Not used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	8 p.m. on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day**
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Only the voter, except for disabled voters	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Prohibited	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	After polls open on Election Day	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Used pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Open	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Wisconsin is NVRA exempt.

**Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

View State Profile PDF

Chief election official: Secretary of State Chuck Gray, elected in 2022 for a four-year term

Who runs elections locally: County Clerk

Number of jurisdictions: 23

State website: www.sos.wyo.gov

ELECTION POLICY	STATUS	NATIONAL COMPARISON
VOTER REGISTRATION*
Online voter registration	Not provided	42 states and D.C. have online voter registration
Automatic/automated voter registration	Not provided	24 states and D.C. have automatic voter registration
Type of state voter registration database	Top-down	36 states and D.C. use top-down; seven states use bottom-up; seven states use a hybrid system
Pre-registration	18 by the election	22 states and D.C. permit pre-registration for 16- and 17-year-olds
Election Day/same-day registration	Permitted	22 states and D.C. have same-day registration
Registration deadline	Election Day	National average is 20 days before Election Day
VOTING
Voter ID for in-person voting	ID required	36 states require ID to vote in person
Early in-person voting	28 days before Election Day	47 states and D.C. allow early in-person voting; national average is 26 days
Vote centers	Vote centers used	30 states and D.C. allow vote centers
No-excuse absentee voting	Permitted	28 states permit no-excuse absentee voting
Mails ballots to all registered voters (aka “mostly mail elections”)	Ballots are not mailed to all registered voters	Eight states and D.C. mail ballots to all registered voters
Deadline for absentee/mail ballot return	Close of polls on Election Day	31 states require ballots returned by Election Day**
Laws governing who can return a voted ballot	Not specified	32 states have laws governing ballot collection
Ballot drop boxes	Permitted	Six states prohibit; 23 states permit; other states are silent
Ballot cure process	No ballot cure process offered statewide	30 states and D.C. have a ballot cure process
When absentee/mail ballot processing begins	Election Day or Thursday and Friday preceding Election Day at the discretion of the Clerk	34 states and D.C. begin processing before Election Day
Electronic ballot return	Not permitted	33 states and D.C. allow for military and overseas voters; 13 states and D.C. allow for voters with disabilities
OTHER
Pre-election audits (logic and accuracy testing)	Uses pre-election audits	47 states and D.C. have pre-election audits
Post-election tabulation audits	Uses post-election audits	48 states and D.C. require post-election audits
State primary type	Closed	Primaries range from fully open to fully closed

*Wyoming is NVRA exempt.

**Other states accept ballots postmarked by Election Day.

Note: Neither NCSL nor the U.S. Election Assistance Commission advocate for or against any election policies.

Resource State Profiles: Elections

Contact NCSL

Related Resources

NCSL Election Resources

The Voting Is Over. What Happens Next?

2024 State Primary Election Dates

Contact Us

Denver

Washington, D.C.

Resource State Profiles: Elections

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

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Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

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New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

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Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Contact NCSL

Related Resources

NCSL Election Resources

The Voting Is Over. What Happens Next?

2024 State Primary Election Dates

Contact Us

Denver

Washington, D.C.