Employment At-Will Exceptions by State

State	Public Policy	Implied Contract	Covenant of Good Faith & Fair Dealing
*Alabama*	No	*Yes*	*Yes*
*Alaska*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*Arizona*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*Arkansas*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*California*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*Colorado*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Connecticut*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*Delaware*	*Yes*	No	*Yes*
*District of Columbia*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Florida*	No	No	No
*Georgia*	No	No	No
*Hawaii*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Idaho*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*Illinois*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*Indiana*	*Yes*	No	*Yes*
*Iowa*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Kansas*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Kentucky*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Louisiana*	No	No	*Yes*
*Maine*	No	*Yes*	No
*Maryland*	No	*Yes*	No
*Massachusetts*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*Michigan*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Minnesota*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Mississippi*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Missouri*	*Yes*	No	No
*Montana*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Nebraska*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Nevada*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*New Hampshire*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*New Jersey*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*New Mexico*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*New York*	No	*Yes*	No
*North Carolina*	*Yes*	No	No
*North Dakota*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Ohio*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Oklahoma*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*Oregon*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Pennsylvania*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*Rhode Island*	No	No	No
*South Carolina*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*South Dakota*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Tennessee*	*Yes*	No	No
*Texas*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Utah*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Vermont*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*Virginia*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Washington*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*West Virginia*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Wisconsin*	*Yes*	*Yes*	No
*Wyoming*	*Yes*	*Yes*	*Yes*
*Total*	43	42	20

Sources

Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt and Timothy A. Haley, “Governance of the Workplace: The Contemporary Regime of Individual Contract,” Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal (Winter 2007).

Nadjia Limani, Note, “Righting Wrongful Discharge: A Recommendation for the New York Judiciary to Adopt a Public Policy Exception to the Employment-At-Will Doctrine,” Cardoza Public Law, Policy and Ethics Journal (Fall 2006).

Charles J. Muhl, “The Employment-At-Will Doctrine: Three Major Exceptions,” Monthly Labor Review (January 2001).