Adults or Kids?

Online Extra

April 2008

States have many ways to impose adult sanctions on juvenile offenders

State

Judicial Waiver:

Discretionary,

Presumptive or Mandatory

Concurrent Jurisdiction

Statutory

Exclusion

Reverse

Waiver

Once an Adult Always an Adult

Juvenile Blended Sentencing

Criminal Blended Sentencing

Alabama

Discretionary

    Yes

Yes

Alaska

Discretionary, Presumptive

    Yes

      Yes

Arizona

Discretionary

         Yes

    Yes

     Yes

   Yes

Arkansas

Discretionary

         Yes



     Yes

      Yes

       Yes

Cal.

Discretionary, Presumptive

         Yes

    Yes

     Yes

   Yes

       Yes

Colorado

Discretionary, Presumptive

         Yes

     Yes

      Yes

       Yes

Conn.

Mandatory



     Yes

      Yes

Delaware

Discretionary, Mandatory

     Yes

     Yes

    Yes

DC

Discretionary, Presumptive

         Yes

    Yes

Florida

Discretionary

         Yes

      Yes

     Yes

       Yes

Georgia

Discretionary, Mandatory

         Yes

      Yes

     Yes

Hawaii

Discretionary

     Yes

Idaho

Discretionary

      Yes

     Yes

       Yes

Illinois

Discretionary, Presumptive, Mandatory

      Yes

      Yes

     Yes

       Yes



Indiana

Discretionary, Mandatory

      Yes

      Yes



Iowa

Discretionary

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

        Yes

Kansas

Discretionary, Presumptive

      Yes

        Yes

KY

Discretionary, Mandatory

      Yes

        Yes

LA

Discretionary, Mandatory

         Yes

       Yes

Maine

Discretionary, Presumptive

      Yes

MD

Discretionary

       Yes

      Yes

      Yes

Mass.

       Yes

        Yes

        Yes

Michigan

Discretionary

         Yes

      Yes

        Yes

        Yes

Minn.

Discretionary, Presumptive

       Yes

      Yes

        Yes

Miss.

Discretionary

       Yes

      Yes

      Yes



Missouri

Discretionary

       Yes

       Yes

Montana

        Yes

      Yes

      Yes

       Yes

Nebraska

       Yes

      Yes

        Yes

Nevada

Discretionary, Presumptive

      Yes

      Yes

     Yes

NH

Discretionary, Presumptive

     Yes

New Jersey

Discretionary, Presumptive, Mandatory

New Mexico

      Yes

       Yes

       Yes

New York

     Yes

     Yes

North Carolina

Discretionary, Mandatory

    Yes

North Dakota

Discretionary, Presumptive, Mandatory

    Yes

Ohio

Discretionary, Mandatory

    Yes

      Yes

OK

Discretionary

        Yes

      Yes

     Yes

    Yes

      Yes

Oregon

Discretionary

     Yes

     Yes

    Yes

Penn.

Discretionary, Presumptive

     Yes

     Yes

    Yes

Rhode Island

Discretionary, Presumptive, Mandatory



    Yes



     Yes

South Carolina

Discretionary, Mandatory

      Yes

South Dakota

Discretionary

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

Tenn.

Discretionary

      Yes

      Yes

Texas

Discretionary

      Yes

       Yes

Utah

Discretionary, Presumptive

      Yes

      Yes

Vermont

Discretionary

        Yes

      Yes

       Yes

        Yes

Virginia

Discretionary, Mandatory

        Yes

       Yes

      Yes

       Yes

Wash.

Discretionary



       Yes

      Yes

West Virginia

Discretionary, Mandatory

        Yes

WI

Discretionary

       Yes

       Yes

      Yes

         Yes

WY

Discretionary

        Yes

       Yes

Source: Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report.