Tax Changes May Be Coming
Data collected over the past seven years of sports betting has allowed state policymakers to analyze sports betting markets. In turn, they are evaluating how they tax betting operators. Since late 2023, several states have introduced legislation to raise taxes.
In 2023, Ohio Governor Mike DeWine proposed doubling the tax on sports betting revenue from 10% to 20%, and the legislature agreed. This year, Gov. DeWine proposed doubling the tax again to 40%. It’s unclear whether the legislature will approve another increase, but if it does, Ohio will enter the bracket of states with the highest taxes on sports betting.
Similarly, Illinois Gov. JB Pritzker proposed raising sports betting taxes from 15% to 35% in 2024. Legislators in Illinois agreed to amend the rates and added some changes of their own. They enacted legislation creating a tiered tax rate structure with a maximum rate of 40%.
In 2024, Massachusetts lawmakers introduced an amendment to raise the tax on sports betting from 20% to 51%. The bill failed, but the proposal has been reintroduced this year.
Not all states sought tax increases to raise revenue. Colorado took a slightly different approach since all state tax increases require voter approval. Instead, lawmakers asked voters to lift the existing revenue cap. The ballot measure passed, which allows the state to retain sports betting revenue over the previous limit of $29 million.
What are Stakeholders Saying?
No surprise, sports betting operators dislike tax rate increases and have pushed back. They argue that higher taxes will result in lower payouts for winning bets and provide less money for in-house promotions, such as offers for free bets and matched deposits. One sports book operator even considered adding a surcharge to customers bets. Ultimately, the surcharge proposal was rescinded. However, the unfavorable response from sports book operators raises some questions about how they might react if states continue to raise taxes.
For legislators, raising taxes on sports betting is twofold. It’s an opportunity to raise revenue at a time when budget pressures are growing, and an opportunity to ensure there are funds for problem gambling since many states earmark gaming dollars for treatment. In fact, the Massachusetts proposal to increase the tax on sports betting also proposed doubling the amount that operators contribute to problem gambling funds in the state.
What’s Next?
While some states want to modify sports betting operations, others are still contemplating legalizing sports betting. At least five states have introduced bills in 2025 to authorize sports betting.
South Carolina introduced legislation to legalize both retail and online sports betting. The bill proposes a 12.5% tax and would allocate 5% of revenue collected to provide treatment for problem gambling. Legislators in Georgia proposed legalizing online sports betting and levying a privilege tax of 25%.
Mississippi and Nebraska both allow retail sports betting but have not yet authorized online sports betting. Both states have introduced bills this year to expand the authorization to online sports betting. In Mississippi, the attempt is the second in the past two years. Legislators previously expressed concern about the effect online sports betting would have on casinos. Nebraska senators have expressed similar concerns. To help offset the negative impact mobile sports betting could have on casinos, the Nebraska bill would require mobile sports betting operators to partner with casinos in the state.
Whether states are looking to legalize sports betting for the first time or raise tax rates, it appears that 2025 will bring more changes to the sports betting market.