Table 1: Midterm Primaries Turnout Since 2010 (Total Ballots Cast/Voting-Eligible Population)
State |
2010 |
2014 |
2018 |
2022 |
Alabama*
|
25.7%
|
19.0%
|
25.4%
|
24.3%
|
Alaska
|
33.7%
|
38.8%
|
22.9%
|
36.6%
|
Arizona
|
21.2%
|
18.8%
|
24.2%
|
28.6%
|
Arkansas*
|
22.7%
|
15.8%
|
14.8%
|
21.1%
|
California
|
23.3%
|
17.2%
|
26.1%
|
28.6%
|
Colorado
|
21.4%
|
16.1%
|
27.5%
|
28.1%
|
Connecticut
|
11.9%
|
3.8%
|
13.3%
|
7.9%
|
Delaware
|
14.9%
|
7.3%
|
18.1%
|
9.9%
|
Florida
|
20.5%
|
16.1%
|
25.2%
|
25.1%
|
Georgia*
|
17.2%
|
14.2%
|
15.8%
|
27.2%
|
Hawaii
|
32.8%
|
29.0%
|
28.2%
|
33.5%
|
Idaho
|
18.5%
|
16.9%
|
21.0%
|
23.6%
|
Illinois
|
18.9%
|
14.3%
|
22.4%
|
19.4%
|
Indiana
|
18.4%
|
12.6%
|
17.4%
|
13.3%
|
Iowa
|
13.1%
|
10.0%
|
12.1%
|
15.2%
|
Kansas
|
21.2%
|
16.6%
|
23.4%
|
47.7%
|
Kentucky
|
30.0%
|
26.8%
|
25.7%
|
22.4%
|
Louisiana**
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Maine
|
32.1%
|
12.1%
|
26.4%
|
12.6%
|
Maryland
|
19.4%
|
17.0%
|
19.3%
|
23.8%
|
Massachusetts
|
14.6%
|
14.3%
|
19.5%
|
21.1%
|
Michigan
|
21.8%
|
17.4%
|
28.1%
|
28.5%
|
Minnesota
|
15.5%
|
9.8%
|
22.7%
|
19.1%
|
Mississippi*
|
4.3%
|
20.9%
|
12.6%
|
11.9%
|
Missouri
|
22.1%
|
23.0%
|
33.1%
|
23.9%
|
Montana
|
26.6%
|
27.4%
|
33.2%
|
33.7%
|
Nebraska
|
20.9%
|
23.7%
|
21.1%
|
29.8%
|
Nevada
|
18.4%
|
11.8%
|
15.5%
|
21.1%
|
New Hampshire
|
19.2%
|
15.6%
|
20.7%
|
21.9%
|
New Jersey
|
7.8%
|
6.5%
|
11.1%
|
12.3%
|
New Mexico
|
18.5%
|
13.0%
|
17.1%
|
17.2%
|
New York
|
9.0%
|
1.4%
|
2.8%
|
3.2%
|
North Carolina*
|
12.4%
|
14.3%
|
12.4%
|
18.3%
|
North Dakota
|
20.4%
|
16.8%
|
20.2%
|
18.6%
|
Ohio
|
20.3%
|
14.5%
|
18.4%
|
18.8%
|
Oklahoma*
|
20.5%
|
17.0%
|
32.5%
|
18.5%
|
Oregon
|
27.1%
|
25.2%
|
27.2%
|
34.6%
|
Pennsylvania
|
20.9%
|
13.2%
|
16.6%
|
28.9%
|
Rhode Island
|
16.3%
|
20.4%
|
19.2%
|
16.8%
|
South Carolina*
|
18.1%
|
12.5%
|
15.9%
|
14.3%
|
South Dakota
|
15.2%
|
16.7%
|
21.8%
|
28.5%
|
Tennessee
|
24.2%
|
21.2%
|
26.1%
|
18.6%
|
Texas*
|
14.4%
|
11.6%
|
14.8%
|
16.2%
|
Utah
|
12.6%
|
7.5%
|
16.5%
|
20.0%
|
Vermont
|
20.8%
|
7.7%
|
20.4%
|
25.5%
|
Virginia
|
2.9%
|
2.3%
|
9.2%
|
2.8%
|
Washington
|
29.9%
|
24.3%
|
32.1%
|
35.4%
|
West Virginia
|
18.2%
|
15.8%
|
21.3%
|
18.8%
|
Wisconsin
|
21.3%
|
14.6%
|
23.4%
|
27.9%
|
Wyoming
|
33.5%
|
28.0%
|
33.1%
|
42.3%
|
Source: Bipartisan Policy Center
*State uses primary runoffs for most offices.
**Because Louisiana uses an all-comers primary on the same day as other states’ general elections, it is not analogous to other states and is not included in this chart. For more information on primary systems, see NCSL’s State Primary Election Types page.
Table 2: Turnout Difference Between Primaries and Runoffs
State |
2010 |
2014 |
2018 |
2022 |
|
Primary
|
Runoff
|
Primary
|
Runoff
|
Primary
|
Runoff
|
Primary
|
Runoff
|
Alabama
|
25.7%
|
18.5%
|
19.0%
|
7.3%
|
25.4%
|
12.2%
|
24.3%
|
13.3%
|
Arkansas
|
22.7%
|
14.1%
|
15.8%
|
4.2%
|
14.8%
|
0.3%
|
21.1%
|
1.3%
|
Georgia
|
17.2%
|
10.9%
|
14.2%
|
9.1%
|
15.8%
|
10.0%
|
27.2%
|
5.4%
|
Mississippi
|
4.3%
|
0.3%
|
20.9%
|
20.2%
|
12.6%
|
3.2%
|
11.9%
|
7.5%
|
North Carolina
|
12.4%
|
3.1%
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
18.3%
|
2.5%
|
Oklahoma
|
20.5%
|
5.4%
|
17.0%
|
6.6%
|
32.5%
|
16.0%
|
18.5%
|
13.1%
|
South Carolina
|
18.1%
|
11.5%
|
12.5%
|
5.0%
|
15.9%
|
9.8%
|
14.3%
|
5.7%
|
Texas
|
14.4%
|
3.2%
|
11.6%
|
5.8%
|
14.8%
|
4.3%
|
16.2%
|
7.7%
|
Source: Bipartisan Policy Center
Table 3: Midterm Primaries Turnout by Primary Type
|
Open |
State |
2010 |
2014 |
2018 |
2022 |
Alabama
|
25.7%
|
19.0%
|
25.4%
|
24.3%
|
Arkansas
|
22.7%
|
15.8%
|
14.8%
|
21.1%
|
Georgia
|
17.2%
|
14.2%
|
15.8%
|
27.2%
|
Hawaii
|
32.8%
|
29.0%
|
28.2%
|
33.5%
|
Idaho
|
18.5%
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Michigan
|
21.8%
|
17.4%
|
28.1%
|
28.5%
|
Minnesota
|
15.5%
|
9.8%
|
22.7%
|
19.1%
|
Mississippi
|
4.3%
|
20.9%
|
12.6%
|
11.9%
|
Missouri
|
22.1%
|
23.0%
|
33.1%
|
23.9%
|
Montana
|
26.6%
|
27.4%
|
33.2%
|
33.7%
|
Nebraska
|
20.9%
|
23.7%
|
21.1%
|
29.8%
|
North Dakota
|
20.4%
|
16.8%
|
20.2%
|
18.6%
|
South Carolina
|
18.1%
|
12.5%
|
15.9%
|
14.3%
|
Tennessee
|
24.2%
|
21.2%
|
26.1%
|
18.6%
|
Texas
|
14.4%
|
11.6%
|
14.8%
|
16.2%
|
Vermont
|
20.8%
|
7.7%
|
20.4%
|
25.5%
|
Virginia
|
2.9%
|
2.3%
|
9.2%
|
2.8%
|
Wisconsin
|
21.3%
|
14.6%
|
23.4%
|
27.9%
|
|
Partially Open
|
State
|
2010
|
2014
|
2018
|
2022
|
Illinois
|
18.9%
|
14.3%
|
22.4%
|
19.4%
|
Indiana
|
18.4%
|
12.6%
|
17.4%
|
13.3%
|
Iowa
|
13.1%
|
10.0%
|
12.1%
|
15.2%
|
Ohio
|
20.3%
|
14.5%
|
18.4%
|
18.8%
|
Wyoming
|
33.5%
|
28.0%
|
33.1%
|
42.3%
|
|
Open to Unaffiliated Voters
|
State
|
2010
|
2014
|
2018
|
2022
|
Arizona
|
21.2%
|
18.8%
|
24.2%
|
28.6%
|
Colorado
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
27.5%
|
28.1%
|
Kansas
|
21.2%
|
16.6%
|
23.4%
|
47.7%
|
Massachusetts
|
14.6%
|
14.3%
|
19.5%
|
21.1%
|
New Hampshire
|
19.2%
|
15.6%
|
20.7%
|
21.9%
|
New Jersey
|
7.8%
|
6.5%
|
11.1%
|
12.3%
|
Rhode Island
|
16.3%
|
20.4%
|
19.2%
|
16.8%
|
|
Partially Closed
|
|
2010
|
2014
|
2018
|
2022
|
Alaska
|
33.7%
|
38.8%
|
22.9%
|
N/A
|
California
|
23.3%
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Connecticut
|
11.9%
|
3.8%
|
13.3%
|
7.9%
|
Idaho
|
N/A
|
16.9%
|
21.0%
|
23.6%
|
Maine*
|
32.1%
|
12.1%
|
26.4%
|
12.6%
|
North Carolina
|
12.4%
|
14.3%
|
12.4%
|
18.3%
|
Oklahoma
|
20.5%
|
17.0%
|
32.5%
|
18.5%
|
Oregon
|
27.1%
|
25.2%
|
27.2%
|
34.6%
|
South Dakota
|
15.2%
|
16.7%
|
21.8%
|
28.5%
|
Utah
|
12.6%
|
7.5%
|
16.5%
|
20.0%
|
West Virginia
|
N/A
|
15.8%
|
21.3%
|
18.8%
|
|
Closed
|
State
|
2010
|
2014
|
2018
|
2022
|
Colorado
|
21.4%
|
16.1%
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Delaware
|
14.9%
|
7.3%
|
18.1%
|
9.9%
|
Florida
|
20.5%
|
16.1%
|
25.2%
|
25.1%
|
Kentucky
|
30.0%
|
26.8%
|
25.7%
|
22.4%
|
Nevada
|
18.4%
|
11.8%
|
15.5%
|
21.1%
|
New Mexico
|
18.5%
|
13.0%
|
17.1%
|
17.2%
|
New York
|
9.0%
|
1.4%
|
2.8%
|
3.2%
|
Pennsylvania
|
20.9%
|
13.2%
|
16.6%
|
28.9%
|
West Virginia
|
18.2%
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Top Two
|
State
|
2010
|
2014
|
2018
|
2022
|
California
|
N/A
|
17.2%
|
26.1%
|
28.6%
|
Washington
|
29.9%
|
24.3%
|
32.1%
|
35.4%
|
|
Top Four
|
State
|
2010
|
2014
|
2018
|
2022
|
Alaska
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
36.6%
|
Source: Bipartisan Policy Center
*In 2022, Maine changed its system from Partially Closed to Open to Unaffiliated Voters, but the new system was not implemented in 2022.