State Renewable Portfolio Standards and Goals

States have been very active in the past year revising their Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), which requires that a specified percentage of the electricity that utilities sell comes from renewable resources. States have created these standards to diversify their energy resources, promote domestic energy production and encourage economic development. Renewable energy policies help drive the nation’s $64 billion market for wind, solar and other renewable energy sources. These policies can play an integral role in state efforts to diversify their energy mix, promote economic development and reduce emissions. Roughly half of the growth in U.S. renewable energy generation since 2000 can be attributed to state renewable energy requirements.  

Iowa was the first state to establish an RPS and since then, more than half of states have established renewable energy targets. Twenty-nine states, Washington, D.C., and three territories have adopted an RPS, while eight states and one territory have set renewable energy goals.

State renewable portfolio standard policies vary widely on several elements including RPS targets, the entities they include, the resources eligible to meet requirements and cost caps. In many states, standards are measured by the percentage of retail electric sales. Iowa and Texas, however, require specific amounts of renewable energy capacity rather than percentages and Kansas requires a percentage of peak demand. while most state targets are between 10 and 45 percent, seven states—California, Hawaii, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, and Vermont, and Washington, D.C.—have requirements of 50 percent or greater. RPS requirements can apply only to investor-owned utilities (IOUs), although many states also include municipalities and electric cooperatives (Munis and Co-ops), sometimes with a lower target. Utilities that are subject to these mandates must obtain renewable energy credits or certificates (RECs)—which represent the environmental benefits of one megawatt-hour of renewable energy generation. RECs are created when renewable energy is sent out to the grid and are used to verify that utilities are meeting their targets. Eligible resources for RPS compliance include wind, solar, biomass, geothermal and some hydroelectric facilities—depending on the size and vintage. Several states also include additional resources such as landfill gas, tidal energy, combined heat and power, and even energy efficiency. According to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 20 states and Washington, D.C., have cost caps in their RPS policies to limit increases to a certain percentage of ratepayers’ bills. One state caps RPS gross procurement costs.

To promote a diversified resource mix and encourage deployment of certain technologies, states have established carve-outs and renewable energy credit multipliers within their RPSs for specific energy technologies, such as offshore wind or rooftop solar. Carve-outs require a certain percentage of the overall renewable energy requirement to be met with a specific technology, while credit multipliers award additional renewable energy credits for electricity produced by certain technologies. At least 21 states and Washington, D.C., have credit multipliers, carve-outs, or both for certain energy technologies in their RPS policies.

In recent years, the role of RPS policies has diminished, accounting for only 34 percent of renewable energy capacity additions in 2017. Although RPS policies are still important to encouraging deployment of renewables, other factors, including declining renewable energy costs and other state energy policies, such as net metering, are also driving growth. As renewable energy becomes increasingly competitive, some states are considering whether RPS policies are still needed to drive growth. In 2017, at least three states—Maryland, Montana and New Hampshire—enacted legislation to study the costs and benefits of their RPS policies.

States and territories with Renewable Portfolio Standards	States and territories with a voluntary renewable energy standard or target	States and territories with no standard or target

Table: Renewable Portfolio Standards or Voluntary Targets

Note: States and territories listed in italics have voluntary renewable energy goals.

Alaska

• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: In the 2009-2010 legislative session, the Alaska legislature enacted House Bill 306 with the goal that “the state receive 50 percent of its electrical generation from renewable energy sources by 2025.” This language does not appear in codified statutes.

Arizona

• Title: Renewable Energy Standard.
• Established: 2006.
• Requirement: 15 percent by 2025.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: None.
• Details: Distributed Generation: 30 percent of annual requirement in 2012 and thereafter. The state has several credit multipliers for different technologies.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Ariz. Admin. Code §14-2-1801 et seq.

California

• Title: Renewables Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 2002.
• Requirement: 44 percent by 2024; 52 percent by 2027; 60 percent by 2030. Also requires 100 percent clean energy by 2045. 
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities.
• Cost Cap: Determined by the California Public Utilities Commission.
• Details: A 2013 amendment allows the California Public Utilities Commission to adopt additional requirements.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Cal. Public Utilities Code §399.11 et seq.; Cal. Public Resources Code §25740 et seq.; Assembly Bill 327 (2013); Senate Bill 350 (2015); Senate Bill 100 (2018).

Colorado

• Title: Renewable Energy Standard.
• Established: 2004.
• Requirement: 30 percent by 2020 (IOUs); 10 percent or 20 percent for municipalities and electric cooperatives depending on size.  
• Applicable Sectors: Investor owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities.
• Cost Cap: 2.0 percent.
• Details: Distributed Generation: 3 percent of IOU retail sales by 2020, 1 percent of cooperative retail sales by 2020 (for those providing service to 10,000 or more meters) or 0.75 percent of cooperative retail sales by 2020 (for those providing service to less than 10,000 meters). The state has several credit multipliers for different technologies.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Colo. Rev. Stat. §40-2-124; Senate Bill 252 (2013).

Connecticut

• Title: Renewables Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 1998.
• Requirement: 44 percent by 2030.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, local government, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: 5.8 percent.
• Details: Class I renewable energy sources (including distributed generation): 20 percent by 2020. Class I or II (biomass, waste-to-energy and certain hydropower projects): 3 percent by 2010. Class III (combined heat and power, waste heat recovery and conservation): 4 percent by 2010.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Conn. Gen. Stat. §16-245a et seq.; Conn. Gen. Stat. §16-1; Senate Bill 9 (2018). 

Delaware

• Title: Renewables Energy Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 2005.
• Requirement: 25 percent by 2025-2026.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, local government, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: 3 percent; 1 percent (PV).
• Details: Photovoltaics: 3.5 percent requirement by 2025-2026. The state has multiple credit multipliers that apply to different technologies.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Del. Code Ann. 26 §351 et seq..

Hawaii

• Title: Renewable Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 2001.
• Requirement: 30 percent by 2020; 40 percent by 2030; 70 percent by 2040; 100 percent by 2045.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility.
• Cost Cap: None.  
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Hawaii Rev. Stat. §269-91 et seq.; House Bill 623 (2015).

Illinois

• Title: Renewable Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 2001 (voluntary target); 2007 (standard).
• Requirement: 25 percent by 2025-2026.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: 1.3 percent.
• Details: Distributed Generation: 1 percent of annual requirement beginning in 2015 for IOUs. Wind: 75 percent of annual requirement for IOUs, 60 percent of annual requirement for alternative retail electric suppliers. Photovoltaics: 6 percent of annual requirement beginning in 2015-2016.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Ill. Rev. Stat. ch. 20 §688 (2001); Ill. Rev. Stat. ch. 20 §3855/1-75 (2007); Senate Bill 2814 (2016).

Indiana

• Title: Clean Energy Portfolio Goal.
• Established: 2011.
• Requirement: 10 percent by 2025.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: None.
• Details: 30 percent of the goal may be met with clean coal technology, nuclear energy, combined heat and power systems, natural gas that displaces electricity from coal and other alternative fuels.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Ind. Code §8-1-37.

Iowa

• Title: Alternative Energy Law.
• Established: 1983.
• Requirement: 105 MW of generating capacity for IOUs.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility.
• Cost Cap: None.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Iowa Code §476.41 et seq.

Kansas

• Title: Renewable Energy Goal.
• Established: 2009 (standard); 2015 (goal).
• Requirement: 15 percent by 2015-2019; 20 percent by 2020.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility.
• Cost Cap: Caps gross RPS procurement costs.
• Details: 20 percent requirement for peak demand capacity.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Kan Stat. Ann. §66-1256 et seq.; Goal: Senate Bill 91.

Maine

• Title: Renewables Portfolio Standard. 
• Established: 1999.
• Requirement: 40 percent by 2017. 
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: 5.4 percent.
• Details: Includes a 10 percent requirement by 2022 for Class I (new) sources. The state also has separate goals for wind energy: 2,000 MW of installed capacity by 2015; 3,000 MW of installed capacity by 2020, including offshore and coastal; and 8,000 MW of installed capacity by 2030, including 5,000 MW from offshore and coastal. The state has a credit multiplier for community-based renewable energy.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. 35-A §3210 et seq.; Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. 35-A §3401 et seq. (wind energy).

Maryland

• Title: Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 2004.
• Requirement: 25 percent by 2020.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, local government, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: 7.6 percent.
• Details: Solar: 2.5 percent by 2020. Offshore wind: 2.5 percent maximum by 2017.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Md. Public Utilities Code Ann. §7-701 et seq.; Senate Bill 921; House Bill 1106 (2016 enrolled, 2017 veto override).

Massachusetts

• Title: Renewable Portfolio Standard.
• Established:  1997.
• Requirement: Class I: 35 percent by 2030 and an additional 1 percent each year after. Class II: 6.7 percent by 2020.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: 19.2 percent.
• Details: Photovoltaic: 1,600 MW required by 2020. Class I resources are new sources. Class II (resources in operation by 1997) requirement includes 2.69 percent renewable energy and 3.5 percent waste-to-energy.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch. 25A §11F; House Bill 4857 (2018). 

Michigan

• Title: Renewable Energy Standard.
• Established: 2008; 2016.
• Requirement: 15 percent by 2021 (standard), 35 percent by 2025 (goal, including energy efficiency and demand reduction).
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: 2.5 percent.
• Details: The state has several credit multipliers for different technologies.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Mich. Comp. Laws §460.1001 et seq.; Senate Bill 438 (2016).

Minnesota

• Title: Renewables Energy Standard.
• Established: 2007.
• Requirement: 26.5 percent by 2025 (IOUs), 25 percent by 2025 (other utilities).
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities.
• Cost Cap: None.
• Details: Xcel Energy has a separate requirement of 31.5 percent by 2020; 25 percent must be from wind or solar. Solar: 1.5 percent by 2020 (other IOUs); Statewide goal of 10 percent by 2030.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Minn. Stat. §216B.1691. 

Missouri

• Title: Renewable Electricity Standard.
• Established: 2007.
• Requirement: 15 percent by 2021 (IOUs).
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility.
• Cost Cap: 1 percent.
• Details: Solar-Electric: 2 percent carve-out.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Mo. Rev. Stat. §393.1020 et seq.

Montana

• Title: Renewable Resource Standard.
• Established: 2005.
• Requirement: 15 percent by 2015.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: 0.1 percent.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Mont. Code Ann. §69-3-2001 et seq.

Nevada

• Title: Energy Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 1997.
• Requirement: 25 percent by 2025.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: None.
• Details: Solar: 6 percent for 2016-2025 (1.5 percent of total sales in 2025). The state has a credit multiplier for photovoltaics and on peak energy savings.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Nev. Rev. Stat. §704.7801 et seq.

New Hampshire

• Title: Electric Renewable Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 2007.
• Requirement: 25.2 percent by 2025.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, cooperative utilities, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: 6.6 percent.
• Details: Solar: 0.7 percent new solar in 2020 and after. Requires at least 15 percent of requirement to be met with new renewables.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. §362-F.

New Jersey

• Title: Renewables Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 1991.
• Requirement: 50 percent by 2030.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: 9.9 percent.
• Details: 50 percent Class I renewables by 2030. 2.5 percent Class II renewables each year. 5.1 percent solar-electric by 2021, then gradually reduced to 1.1 percent by 2031. Offshore wind: 3,500 MW.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: N.J. Rev. Stat. §48:3-49 et seq.; Assembly Bill 3723 (2018). 

New Mexico

• Title: Renewables Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 2002.
• Requirement: 20 percent by 2020 (IOUs); 10 percent by 2020 (co-ops).
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, cooperative utilities.
• Cost Cap: 3.5 percent.
• Details: Solar: 20 percent by 2020 (IOUs). Wind: 30 percent by 2020 (IOUs). Other renewables including geothermal, biomass and certain hydro facilities: 5 percent by 2020 (IOUs). Distributed Generation: 3 percent by 2020 (IOUs). The state has a credit multiplier for solar energy that was operational before 2012.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: N.M. Stat. Ann. §62-15; N.M. Stat. Ann. §62-16. 

New York

• Title: Renewable Portfolio Standard; Reforming the Energy Vision (REV).
• Established: 2004.
• Requirement: 50 percent by 2030.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: None.
• Details: Offshore wind: goal of 2,400 MW by 2030.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: NY PSC Order Case 03-E-0188; 2015 New York State Energy Plan.

North Carolina

• Title: Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 2007.
• Requirement: 12.5 percent by 2021 (IOUs); 10 percent by 2018 (munis and coops).
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities.
• Cost Cap: 1.3 percent.
• Details: Solar: 0.2 percent by 2018. Swine Waste: 0.2 percent by 2018. Poultry Waste: 900,000 MWh by 2015. The state offers credit multipliers for biomass facilities located in cleanfields renewable energy demonstration parks.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: N.C. Gen. Stat. §62-133.8.

North Dakota

• Title: Renewable and Recycled Energy Objective.
• Established: 2007.
• Requirement: 10 percent by 2015.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: N.D. Cent. Code §49-02-24 et seq.

Ohio

• Title: Alternative Energy Resource Standard.
• Established: 2008.
• Requirement: 12.5 percent by 2026. Senate Bill 310 (2014) created a two-year freeze on the state's standard while a panel studied the costs and benefits of the requirement. The freeze was not extended in 2016.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: 1.8 percent.
• Details: Solar: 0.5 percent.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §4928.64 et seq.

Oklahoma

• Title: Renewable Energy Goal.
• Established: 2010.
• Requirement: 15 percent by 2015.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Okla. Stat. tit. 17 §801.1 et seq.

Oregon

• Title: Renewable Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 2007.
• Requirement: 25 percent by 2025 (utilities with 3 percent or more of the state’s load); 50 percent by 2040 (utilities with 3 percent or more of the state’s load); 10 percent by 2025 (utilities with 1.5–3 percent of the state's load); 5 percent by 2025 (utilities with less than 1.5 percent of the state’s load).
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: 4 percent.
• Details: Photovoltaics: 20 MW by 2020 (IOUs). The state has a credit multiplier for photovoltaics installed before 2016. The state's two investor-owned utilities must phase out coal generation by 2035. By 2025 at least 8 percent of aggregate electrical capacity must come from small-scale community renewable energy projects with a capacity of 20 megawatts (MW) or less.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Or. Rev. Stat. §469a; Senate Bill 1547 (2016).

Pennsylvania

• Title: Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 2004.
• Requirement: 18 percent by 2020-2021.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: None.
• Details: Tier I: 8 percent by 2020-2021 (includes photovoltaic). Tier II (includes waste coal, distributed generation, large-scale hydropower and municipal solid waste, among other technologies): 10 percent by 2020-2021. Photovoltaic: 0.5 percent by 2020-2021.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Pa. Cons. Stat. tit. 66 §2814.

Rhode Island

• Title: Renewable Energy Standard.
• Established: 2004.
• Requirement: 14.5 percent by 2019, with increases of 1.5 percent each year until 38.5 percent by 2035.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: 12 percent.
• Details: The state has a separate long-term contracting standard for renewable energy, which requires electric distribution companies to establish long-term contracts with new renewable energy facilities.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: R.I. Gen. Laws §39-26-1 et seq.; R.I. Gen. Laws §39-26.1 et seq. (contracting standard); House Bill 7413a (2016).

South Carolina

• Title: Renewables Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 2014.
• Requirement: 2 percent by 2021.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility.
• Cost Cap: None.
• Details: Systems less than 1 MW: 1 percent of aggregate generation capacity, including at least 0.25 percent of total generation from systems less than 20kW. 1 – 10 MW facilities: 1 percent of aggregate generation capacity.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: House Bill 1189.

South Dakota

• Title: Renewable, Recycled and Conserved Energy Objective.
• Established: 2008.
• Requirement: 10 percent by 2015.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: S.D. Codified Laws Ann. §49-34A-94; S.D. Codified Laws Ann. §49-34A-101 et seq.

Texas

• Title: Renewable Generation Requirement.
• Established: 1999.
• Requirement: 5,880 MW by 2015. 10,000 MW by 2025 (goal; achieved).
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: 3.1 percent.
• Details: Non-wind: 500 MW (goal).
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Tex. Utilities Code Ann. §39.904.

Utah

• Title: Renewables Portfolio Goal.
• Established: 2008.
• Requirement: 20 percent by 2025.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Utah Code Ann. §54-17-101 et seq.; Utah Code Ann. §10-19-101 et seq.

Vermont

• Title: Renewable Energy Standard.
• Established: 2005 (voluntary target); 2015 (standard).
• Requirement: 55 percent by 2017; 75 percent by 2032.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: None.
• Details: Distributed Generation: 10 percent by 2032. Energy Transformation: 12 percent by 2032 (includes weatherization, thermal energy efficiency and heat pumps).
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 30 §8001 et seq.; Standard: House Bill 40.

Virginia

• Title: Voluntary Renewable Energy Portfolio Goal.
• Established: 2007.
• Requirement: 15 percent by 2025.  
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility.
• Details: The state has several credit multipliers for different technologies.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Va. Code §56-585.2.

Washington

• Title: Renewable Energy Standard.
• Established: 2006.
• Requirement: 15 percent by 2020.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities.
• Cost Cap: 4 percent.
• Details: Standard is applicable to all utilities that serve more than 25,000 customers. Requirement also includes all cost-effective conservation. The state has a credit multiplier for distributed generation.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Wash. Rev. Code §19.285; Wash. Admin. Code §480-109; Wash Admin. Code §194-37. 

 

West Virginia

• Title: Alternative and Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard- REPEALED.
• Established: 2009; Repealed 2015.
• Requirement: 10 percent from 2015-2019, 15 percent from 2020-2024, 25 percent by 2025.
• Details: Goal is applicable to IOUs that serve more than 30,000 residential customers. Goal includes alternative energy sources, including coal technology, coal bed methane, natural gas, combined cycle technologies, waste coal and pumped storage hydroelectric projects.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: W. Va. Code §24-2F; Repeal: House Bill 2001.

Wisconsin

• Title: Renewable Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 1998.
• Requirement: 10 percent by 2015.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities.
• Cost Cap: None.
• Details: Standard varies by utility. 2011-2014: utilities may not decrease its renewable energy percentage below 2010 percentages. 2015: utilities must increase renewable energy percentages by at least 6 percent above their 2001-2003 average. Utilities may not decrease their renewable energy percentage after 2015.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Wisc. Stat. §196.378.

Washington, D.C.

• Title: Renewable Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 2005.
• Requirement: 20 percent by 2020, 100 percent by 2032.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, retail supplier.
• Cost Cap: 18.9 percent.
• Details: Solar: 2.5 percent by 2023; 5 percent by 2032.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: D.C. Code §34-1431 et seq., Bill 650 (2016); Bill 904 (2018). 

Guam

• Title: Renewable Energy Portfolio Goal.
• Established: 2008.
• Requirement: 25 percent by 2035.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities.
• Details: Goal applies to net electricity sales.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: Guam Public Law §29-62. 

Northern Mariana Islands

• Title: Renewables Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 2007; goal reduced in 2014.
• Requirement: 20 percent by 2016.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities.
• Cost Cap: Data unavailable.
• Details: Requirement applies to net electricity sales. Requirement allows for non-compliance if it is not cost-effective.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: N. M. I. Public Law §15-23; House Bill 165 (2014).

Puerto Rico

• Title: Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard.
• Established: 2010.
• Requirement: 20 percent by 2035.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities.
• Cost Cap: Data unavailable.
• Details: Requirement does not take effect until 2015.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: PR S 1519 (2010); PR H 2610 (2010).

U.S. Virgin Islands

• Title: Renewables Portfolio Targets.
• Established: 2009.
• Requirement: 20 percent by 2015;  25 percent by 2020; 30 percent by 2025; up to 51 percent after 2025.
• Applicable Sectors: Investor-owned utility, municipal utilities, cooperative utilities.
• Cost Cap: Data unavailable.
• Details: Standard applies to peak demand generating capacity. Standard will increase until a majority of capacity is from renewable or alternative energy.
• Enabling Statute, Code or Order: VI B 9 (2009). 

Sources:

Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency, Renewable Portfolio Standards. (Raleigh, N.C. State University, 2017).
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
National Conference of State Legislatures.