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Synthetic Cannabinoid Chemical Classes and Their Trade Names
Updated February 6, 2012
Synthetic cannabinoids can be classified into eight general groups, based on the type of chemical substitution made to alter the original substance. This chart lists the cannabinoid groups, the chemical substitution characterized by the class, and non-exhaustive lists of the substances (and their trade names) included in each group. Note that some substances do not fit within the classes and are listed as such. This table was created using language from Kansas HB 2049 (2011), Nebraska LB 19 (2011) and North Carolina SB 7 (2011).
For more information on synthetic cannabinoids legislation, see our Synthetic Cannabinoids Enactments and Synthetic Cannabinoids Pending Legislation pages.
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Tetrahydrocannabinols
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Tetrahydrocannabinols naturally contained in a plant of the genus cannabis (cannabis plant), as well as synthetic equivalents of the substances contained in the plant, or in the resinous extractives of cannabis and/or synthetic substances, derivatives, and their isomers with similar chemical structure and pharmacological activity such as the following: Delta-1 cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol and their optical isomers; Delta-6 cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol and their optical isomers; Delta-3,4 cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and its optical isomers.
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Naphthoylindoles
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Any compound containing a 3-(1-naphthoyl)indole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the naphthyl ring to any extent. Examples and their trade names include:
· 1-Pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole, a.k.a. JWH-018 or AM-678
· 1-Butyl-3-(1-napthoyl)indole, a.k.a. JWH-073
· 1-Pentyl-3-(4-methoxy-1-naphthoyl)indole, a.k.a. JWH-081
· 1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole, a.k.a. JWH-200
· 1-Propyl-2-methyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole, a.k.a. JWH-015
· 1-Hexyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole, a.k.a. JWH-019
· 1-Pentyl-3-(4-methyl-1-naphthoyl)indole, a.k.a. JWH-122
· 1-Pentyl-3-(4-ehtyl-1-naphthoyl)indole, a.k.a. JWH-210
· 1-Pentyl-3-(4-chloro-1-naphthoyl)indole, a.k.a. JWH-398
· 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole, a.k.a. AM-2201
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Naphthylmethylindoles
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Any compound containing a H-indol-3-yl-(1-naphthyl)methane structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the naphthyl ring to any extent. Examples and their trade names include:
· 1-Pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl-(1-naphthyl)methane, a.k.a. JWH-175
· 1-Pentyl-1H-3-yl-(4-methyl-1-naphthyl)methane, a.k.a. JWH-184
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Naphthoylpyrroles
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Any compound containing a 3-(1-naphthoyl)pyrrole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring by a alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted in the pyrrole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the naphthyl ring to any extent. Examples and their trade names include:
· (5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-pentylpyrrol-3-yl)-naphthalen-1-ylmethanone, a.k.a. JWH-307
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Naphthylideneindenes or Naphthylmethylindenes
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Any compound containing a naphthylideneindene structure with substitution at the 3-position of the indene ring by a alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted in the indene ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the naphthyl ring to any extent. Examples and their trade names include:
· E-1-[1-(1-Naphthalenylmethylene)-1H-inden-3-yl]pentane, a.k.a. JWH-176
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Phenylacetylindoles
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Any compound containing a 3-phenylacetylindole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by a alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the phenyl ring to any extent. Examples and their trade names include:
· 1-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-3-(2-methoxypheylacetyl)indole, a.k.a. RCS-8
· 1-Pentyl-3-(2-methoxyphenylacetyl)indole, a.k.a. JWH-250
· 1-Pentyl-3-(2-methylphenylacetyl)indole, a.k.a. JWH-251
· 1-Pentyl-3-(2-chlorophenylacetyl)indole, a.k.a. JWH-203
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Cyclohexylphenols
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Any compound containing a 2-(3-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenol structure with substitution at the 5-position of the phenolic ring by a alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not substituted in the cyclohexyl ring to any extent. Examples and their trade names include:
- 5-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-2-[(1R,3S)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-phenol, a.k.a. CP 47,497
- 5-(1,1-dimethyloctyl)-2-[(1R,3S)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-phenol, a.k.a. Cannabicyclohexanol or CP 47,497 C8 homologue
- 5-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-2-[(1R,2R)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexyl]-phenol, a.k.a. CP 55,490
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Benzoylindoles
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Any compound containing a 3-(benzoyl)indole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring by a alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted in the phenyl ring to any extent. Examples and their trade names include:
- 1-Pentyl-3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)indole, a.k.a. RCS-4
- 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(2-iodobenzoyl)indole, a.k.a. AM-694
- (4-Methoxyphenyl)-[2-methyl-1-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)indol-3-y]methanone, a.k.a. WIN-48,098 or Pravadoline
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Other Unclassified Synthetic Cannabinoids
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- (6aR,10aR)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol, a.k.a. HU-210
- (6aS,10aS)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol, a.k.a. Dexanabinol or HU-211
- 2,3-Dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl-1-naphthalenylmethanone, a.k.a. WIN 55,212-2
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