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Health Insurance: Premiums and Increases

Table of Contents

Updated August 2011


The increased cost of health insurance is a central fact in any discussion of health policy and health delivery.  As annual premiums surge beyond $13,000 for an average family, costs are blamed for rising uninsured and "under-insurance."  For those Americans who are fully-covered, these cost realities affect employers, both large and small, not to mention the "pocket-book impact" on ordinary families.  In 2009, the average fully insured individual faced an employee share of $725 for 1-person coverage and a $3,354 annual share for family coverage.  The total premiums to cover a family are up to $13,375 according to the annual Kaiser/HRET survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Benefits. 

 

 

Background and History

While the overall rate of uninsured Americans has increased in recent years, the percentage of workers offered health insurance and the percentage of workers taking coverage when it was offered have remained relatively steady since the late 1980s, according to a study published in mid-2007 by the nonpartisan Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI).

  The best 50 state-specific information is provided by AHRQ, in a 30 page compilation titled "Private-Sector Data Premium, Contribution, and Cost Distributions." NCSL has excerpted key items, using years 2008, 2009 and 2010 below. 

Update of Employer-Sponsored Insurance Tables with 2010 Estimates
In August 2011, SHADAC updated the estimates related to employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) in firms with 50 to 99 employees, made available by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - Insurance Component (MEPS IC) and now include 2010 estimates from the MEPS IC.  There are three sets of tables 1) availability and enrollment in ESI; 2) premiums and employee contributions for ESI; and 3) enrollee cost sharing for ESI.

 

Private Sector Premium Tables by State

Premium Distributions, Employee Contributions, and Employer Cost Distributions for Private-Sector Employees Enrolled in Single Coverage for 2008, 2009, and 2010

 

Premium Distributions for Private-Sector Employees Enrolled in Single Coverage (Average in Dollars)

Employee Contribution Distributions for Private-Sector Employees Enrolled in Single Coverage (Average in Dollars)

Employer Cost Distributions for Private-Sector Employees Enrolled in Single Coverage (Average in Dollars)

State

2010

2009

2008

2010

2009

2008

2010

2009

2008

US

4,940

4,669

4,386

1,021

957

882

3,918

3,713

3,505

AK

4,571

6,047

5,293

1,092

842

814

3,479

5,205

4,479

AL

6,085

4,647

4,139

832

1,025

959

5,253

3,622

3,180

AR

4,958

3,717

3,923

891

750

781

4,067

2,965

3,142

AZ

4,178

4,358

4,214

885

851

811

3,293

3,507

3,404

CA

4,811

4,631

4,280

1,048

795

741

3,763

3,836

3,539

CO

4,630

4,570

4,303

883

971

998

3,747

3,600

3,305

CT

5,302

4,909

4,740

1,234

1,082

992

4,068

3,828

3,748

DC

5,653

5,082

4,890

1,180

906

991

4,473

4,176

3,898

DE

5,644

4,955

4,733

1,080

1,101

885

4,564

3,854

3,848

FL

5,120

4,488

4,517

1,073

969

1,065

4,047

3,519

3,452

GA

4,786

4,692

4,160

965

963

972

3,821

3,729

3,189

HI

4,294

4,116

3,831

436

461

451

3,858

3,655

3,380

IA

4,502

4,453

4,146

832

855

756

3,670

3,598

3,390

ID

5,067

4,248

4,104

1,120

762

476

3,947

3,486

3,629

IL

5,015

4,725

4,643

1,127

1,008

954

3,888

3,717

3,689

IN

4,440

4,849

4,495

930

1,070

950

3,509

3,779

3,545

KS

4,710

4,236

4,197

925

976

807

3,785

3,260

3,390

KY

4,683

4,336

4,009

886

1,000

806

3,797

3,337

3,203

LA

5,310

4,861

4,055

1,241

956

868

4,069

3,904

3,188

MA

5,554

5,268

4,836

1,207

1,321

1,110

4,347

3,947

3,726

MD

4,799

4,870

4,360

1,080

1,105

964

3,719

3,764

3,396

ME

5,413

5,119

4,910

1,200

981

1,054

4,213

4,137

3,856

MI

4,713

4,916

4,388

951

946

735

3,762

3,970

3,652

MN

4,964

4,600

4,432

1,023

994

891

3,941

3,606

3,541

MO

4,694

4,393

4,124

1,030

999

956

3,664

3,394

3,168

MS

4,603

4,469

4,124

965

994

749

3,637

3,475

3,375

MT

4,822

4,546

4,355

1,043

768

583

3,779

3,778

3,772

NC

4,992

4,676

4,460

1,084

998

827

3,909

3,677

3,634

ND

4,771

4,127

3,830

767

860

754

4,005

3,266

3,076

NE

5,162

4,312

4,392

1,086

873

1,010

4,075

3,442

3,382

NH

5,153

5,227

5,247

1,098

1,087

1,264

4,056

4,139

3,983

NJ

4,787

4,901

4,798

1,179

1,045

1,033

3,608

3,856

3,766

NM

5,220

4,535

4,074

1,086

934

950

4,134

3,601

3,124

NV

4,980

4,627

3,927

926

842

863

4,054

3,785

3,064

NY

4,719

5,121

4,638

891

1,075

947

3,828

4,047

3,691

OH

4,669

4,261

4,089

952

1,065

885

3,717

3,196

3,204

OK

4,658

4,243

4,072

1,043

815

787

3,615

3,428

3,285

OR

5,186

4,680

4,384

848

627

612

4,339

4,052

3,772

PA

4,959

4,749

4,499

954

917

852

4,005

3,833

3,647

RI

5,557

5,059

4,930

1,147

1,207

1,050

4,409

3,852

3,880

SC

4,835

4,503

4,477

1,006

898

849

3,829

3,606

3,628

SD

4,735

4,262

4,233

948

890

887

3,787

3,372

3,345

TN

4,753

4,549

4,276

970

1,010

914

3,783

3,539

3,363

TX

4,951

4,499

4,205

1,036

991

844

3,915

3,508

3,361

UT

4,501

4,257

4,197

1,086

772

752

3,415

3,485

3,445

VA

5,170

4,590

4,202

1,099

1,060

988

4,071

3,530

3,214

VT

4,960

5,001

4,900

1,114

1,008

986

3,846

3,993

3,915

WA

4,981

4,923

4,404

746

640

569

4,235

4,284

3,836

WI

4,935

5,132

4,777

933

1,011

1,069

4,003

4,121

3,708

WV

5,384

4,700

4,892

1,174

1,085

1,049

4,210

3,615

3,843

WY

5,204

4,703

4,622

802

729

717

4,402

3,974

3,905

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends. 2010 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component.
Premium Distributions, Employee Contributions, and Employer Cost Distributions for Private-Sector Employees Enrolled in Family Coverage for 2008, 2009, and 2010

 

Premium Distributions for Private-Sector Employees Enrolled in Family Coverage (Average in Dollars)

Employee Contribution Distributions for Private-Sector Employees Enrolled in Family Coverage (Average in Dollars)

Employer Cost Distributions for Private-Sector Employees Enrolled in Family Coverage (Average in Dollars)

State 

2010

2009

2008

2010

2009

2008

2010

2009

2008

US

13871

13,027

12,298

3721

3,474

3,394

10150

9,553

8,904

AK

12409

14,182

13,383

3758

4,151

3,248

8651

10,031

10,135

AL

14232

11,978

11,119

3079

3,320

3,265

11152

8,658

7,855

AR

13871

10,969

11,220

4133

2,923

3,085

9737

8,046

8,134

AZ

11816

12,813

12,292

3967

3,617

4,136

7849

9,196

8,156

CA

13819

12,631

12,254

3845

3,483

3,398

9974

9,148

8,856

CO

13393

13,360

11,952

3618

3,370

4,151

9775

9,991

7,801

CT

14888

14,064

13,436

3824

3,511

3,075

11064

10,553

10,360

DC

14671

14,222

13,427

4267

3,623

3,834

10403

10,598

9,593

DE

15206

12,682

13,386

3822

3,423

3,373

11384

9,259

10,013

FL

15032

12,912

12,697

4685

4,275

4,412

10347

8,637

8,284

GA

13114

12,792

11,659

3702

3,597

3,814

9412

9,195

7,845

HI

12062

11,826

11,044

3155

2,868

2,597

8907

8,958

8,447

IA

11379

12,036

10,947

3701

3,184

2,524

7678

8,852

8,423

ID

14703

11,887

10,837

3928

3,233

2,562

10775

8,653

8,275

IL

13884

13,708

12,603

3462

3,396

3,366

10421

10,311

9,237

IN

13240

12,872

13,504

3781

3,257

2,472

9458

9,615

11,032

KS

13460

11,829

11,662

3257

3,132

2,954

10204

8,696

8,709

KY

13352

12,407

11,506

3060

3,408

2,918

10292

8,999

8,589

LA

13230

13,846

11,207

3962

4,108

3,607

9269

9,738

7,600

MA

14576

14,723

13,788

4465

4,088

3,363

10111

10,635

10,425

MD

13952

13,833

12,541

3728

3,671

3,920

10224

10,162

8,621

ME

14606

13,522

13,102

3444

3,857

4,017

11162

9,665

9,085

MI

13148

13,160

11,321

2879

2,819

2,522

10269

10,340

8,799

MN

13903

13,202

13,639

3233

3,712

3,279

10670

9,490

10,360

MO

13740

12,353

11,557

4105

3,644

2,994

9635

8,710

8,563

MS

12754

12,590

11,363

3280

3,907

3,450

9474

8,683

7,905

MT

12312

11,365

11,438

2992

3,898

3,823

9320

7,467

7,615

NC

13221

13,087

12,308

3703

3,936

4,115

9518

9,151

8,192

ND

12496

11,590

11,178

3379

3,210

3,388

9117

8,380

7,790

NE

15204

12,227

11,648

3849

3,532

3,173

11354

8,695

8,475

NH

14058

13,822

13,592

4010

3,527

3,922

10048

10,295

9,670

NJ

14083

13,750

12,789

3952

3,135

3,286

10131

10,615

9,503

NM

14730

12,848

12,071

3630

3,578

4,021

11100

9,270

8,050

NV

13643

12,700

11,487

3492

2,881

3,575

10151

9,820

7,912

NY

12544

13,757

12,824

3492

3,034

3,376

9052

10,723

9,448

OH

13083

11,870

11,425

3286

3,667

2,642

9797

8,204

8,783

OK

12900

11,417

11,053

3715

3,086

3,619

9185

8,330

7,434

OR

13756

12,783

12,585

3888

2,792

3,297

9868

9,991

9,288

PA

13550

13,229

12,339

3013

2,774

2,971

10537

10,455

9,368

RI

14812

13,608

13,363

3308

3,689

2,960

11504

9,919

10,403

SC

13234

12,343

12,068

3641

3,433

3,377

9593

8,910

8,691

SD

12542

11,596

11,382

3793

3,377

3,503

8748

8,219

7,879

TN

12729

12,134

12,302

3461

3,790

3,366

9268

8,344

8,936

TX

14526

13,221

11,967

4500

4,024

3,872

10026

9,197

8,095

UT

12618

11,869

11,783

3545

3,006

2,760

9073

8,863

9,023

VA

13588

12,622

11,935

2997

3,792

3,854

10591

8,831

8,080

VT

13907

14,558

13,091

4477

3,793

3,435

9430

10,764

9,656

WA

14188

12,758

13,036

3685

2,476

3,258

10503

9,282

9,778

WI

14194

14,656

12,956

3139

2,899

3,301

11055

11,756

9,655

WV

14542

12,554

12,887

3359

2,783

3,056

11182

9,771

9,830

WY

13899

14,319

12,734

3178

3,326

3,052

10720

10,993

9,682

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends. 2010 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component.
Premium Distributions, Employee Contributions, and Employer Cost Distributions for Private-Sector Employees Enrolled in Employee-Plus-One Coverage for 2008, 2009, and 2010

 

Premium Distributions for Private-Sector Employees Enrolled in Employee-Plus-One Coverage (Average in Dollars)

Employee Contribution Distributions for Private-Sector Employees Enrolled in Employee-Plus-One Coverage (Average in Dollars)

Employer Cost Distributions for Private-Sector Employees Enrolled in Employee-Plus-One Coverage (Average in Dollars)

State 

2010

2009

2008

2010

2009

2008

2010

2009

2008

US

9664

9,053

8,535

2498

2,363

2,303

7167

6,690

6,231

AK

9515

10,718

9,907

2555

2,674

2,249

6959

8,044

7,658

AL

10743

9,255

8,053

2383

1,931

2,060

8360

7,324

5,993

AR

9494

7,494

7,854

2483

1,861

2,011

7011

5,633

5,842

AZ

8011

9,105

8,483

2297

2,225

2,513

5714

6,880

5,970

CA

9559

8,863

8,351

2452

2,392

2,123

7107

6,470

6,228

CO

9112

8,846

8,428

2228

2,309

2,558

6884

6,537

5,870

CT

10720

9,524

9,305

2728

2,034

2,380

7992

7,490

6,924

DC

9906

10,212

8,968

2684

2,780

2,479

7222

7,432

6,488

DE

11340

9,703

9,041

2536

2,464

2,215

8804

7,239

6,826

FL

9718

8,703

8,444

3049

2,700

2,705

6669

6,002

5,739

GA

8947

8,890

8,126

2408

2,538

2,617

6539

6,353

5,508

HI

8915

8,241

7,691

2651

2,020

2,101

6264

6,221

5,590

IA

8781

8,468

8,191

2273

1,961

1,924

6508

6,507

6,267

ID

9980

8,312

7,871

2629

2,052

1,736

7351

6,259

6,135

IL

9886

9,199

9,232

2563

2,348

2,460

7323

6,851

6,772

IN

9027

9,011

8,966

2453

2,468

2,021

6574

6,543

6,945

KS

8592

8,082

8,143

2116

2,211

2,251

6477

5,871

5,892

KY

9079

8,179

7,716

2076

2,230

2,066

7003

5,949

5,651

LA

9277

9,880

7,929

2680

2,892

2,428

6597

6,988

5,501

MA

10883

10,500

9,393

3057

2,723

2,164

7825

7,777

7,229

MD

9437

9,989

8,805

2643

2,269

2,407

6794

7,719

6,398

ME

10226

10,030

9,107

2383

2,766

2,688

7843

7,264

6,419

MI

9833

9,606

8,712

2012

1,882

1,759

7821

7,724

6,953

MN

9220

8,685

8,831

2382

2,259

2,257

6828

6,426

6,574

MO

8942

8,483

7,937

2594

2,528

2,288

6347

5,955

5,648

MS

8818

9,095

8,005

2419

2,746

2,719

6399

6,349

5,286

MT

8619

8,582

8,182

2374

2,808

2,222

6245

5,774

5,960

NC

9470

9,081

8,234

2376

2,294

2,435

7094

6,787

5,799

ND

8475

8,054

7,751

2054

2,067

2,095

6421

5,987

5,656

NE

10546

8,416

8,178

2641

2,474

2,375

7905

5,942

5,804

NH

9996

10,236

10,429

2269

2,446

3,005

7727

7,790

7,424

NJ

9411

9,194

8,739

2641

2,047

2,561

6771

7,147

6,178

NM

10642

8,960

7,858

2496

2,402

2,351

8146

6,559

5,507

NV

8980

8,754

7,753

2166

2,118

2,085

6813

6,637

5,668

NY

9358

9,766

8,807

2566

2,342

2,405

6792

7,424

6,402

OH

9268

8,353

8,194

2298

2,375

1,880

6970

5,978

6,313

OK

9413

8,472

7,836

2837

2,116

2,257

6576

6,356

5,579

OR

9713

9,004

8,733

2807

2,277

2,178

6907

6,727

6,556

PA

10018

9,415

9,022

2023

2,121

2,124

7995

7,294

6,898

RI

11064

10,026

9,080

2268

2,637

2,321

8796

7,389

6,759

SC

8800

8,749

8,681

2512

2,764

2,523

6287

5,985

6,158

SD

9806

8,274

8,931

2895

2,312

2,521

6944

5,962

6,410

TN

9046

8,954

8,495

2501

2,575

2,217

6545

6,379

6,278

TX

10018

8,869

8,278

2966

2,598

2,566

7052

6,271

5,712

UT

8394

7,974

8,330

2183

1,740

2,154

6211

6,234

6,176

VA

9938

8,846

7,886

2406

2,474

2,332

7532

6,371

5,554

VT

9530

10,187

9,965

2836

2,614

2,497

6694

7,573

7,468

WA

10311

8,997

8,681

2429

2,397

2,147

7881

6,600

6,534

WI

10521

9,969

9,408

2291

2,300

2,471

8231

7,669

6,937

WV

10500

9,198

8,968

2616

2,366

2,393

7884

6,832

6,574

WY

10193

9,860

8,927

2315

2,376

2,018

7878

7,484

6,909

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends. 2010 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component.

State by State, 2004-2006

Many organizations and agencies have reported health premiums over the years. However, state-by-state current data is scarce, and no federal agency releases such figures on an annual basis.

For 2007, the Joint Economic Committee of the U.S. Congress released an updated tally of actual premium payments, contained within State by State Economic Snapshots: May 2007, online at http://jec.senate.gov.  Their report indicated an average annual increase of 8.8% during 2004 to 2006.

   Single Coverage Health Care Premium (Average in Dollars) Family Coverage Health Care Premium (Average in Dollars) Number Employer-Based  Percent of Population
 
 State 2006 2005 2004 2006 2005 2004
 US 4,357 4,046 3,705 11,768 10,927 10,006 156,326,430 53%
 AL 4,015 3,728 3,414 10,963 10,180 9,322 2,384,910 53%
 AK 5,150 4,782 4,379 12,185 11,314 10,361 332,320 52%
 AZ 4,043 3,754 3,438 10,560 9,805 8,979 2,729,070 46%
 AR 3,822 3,549 3,250 9,859 9,154 8,383 1,265,580 46%
 CA 4,156 3,859 3,534 11,240 10,436 9,557 17,110,580 48%
 CO 4,333 4,023 3,684 12,029 11,169 10,228 2,649,060 58%
 CT 4,544 4,219 3,864 12,978 12,050 11,035 2,111,690 61%
 DE 4,504 4,182 3,830 12,454 11,563 10,589 483,560 58%
 DC 4,961 4,606 4,218 13,810 12,822 11,742 269,570 50%
 FL 4,477 4,157 3,807 12,283 11,405 10,444 6,176,050 46%
 GA 3,922 3,642 3,335 10,958 10,174 9,317 4,656,210 53%
 HI 3,668 3,406 3,119 10,091 9,369 8,580 740,990 60%
 ID 4,033 3,744 3,429 10,477 9,726 8,908 761,500 54%
 IL 4,431 4,115 3,768 12,181 11,310 10,357 7,362,010 59%
 IN 4,217 3,916 3,586 11,607 10,777 9,869 3,539,530 58%
 IA 4,186 3,889 3,561 11,081 10,289 9,422 1,722,250 59%
 KS 4,364 4,052 3,711 11,152 10,354 9,482 1,568,080 59%
 KY 4,166 3,868 3,542 11,628 10,797 9,887 2,169,190 4%
 LA 4,099 3,806 3,485 12,009 11,150 10,211 2,072,290 49%
 ME 4,841 4,495 4,116 12,729 11,819 10,823 665,260 51%
 MD 4,376 4,063 3,721 11,590 10,762 9,855 3,321,870 60%
 MA 4,870 4,522 4,141 12,418 11,530 10,559 3,762,010 59%
 MI 4,608 4,278 3,918 11,482 10,661 9,763 5,835,440 59%
 MN 4,480 4,159 3,809 12,122 11,255 10,307 3,232,420 63%
 MO 4,186 3,886 3,559 10,834 10,060 9,212 3,129,220 55%
 MS 4,242 3,939 3,607 10,806 10,033 9,188 1,309,470 46%
 MT 4,328 4,019 3,680 10,625 9,865 9,034 417,910 46%
 NE 4,381 4,068 3,725 11,297 10,490 9,606 1,005,160 58%
 NV 4,556 4,230 3,874 11,726 10,887 9,970 1,381,070 7%
 NH 4,803 4,460 4,084 13,120 12,182 11,158 854,280 66%
 NJ 4,566 4,239 3,882 13,437 12,476 11,425 5,428,020 62%
 NM  4,000 3,714 3,401 11,317 10,508 9,623 828,840 43%
 NY 4,537 4,213 3,858 12,228 11,354 10,397 10,012,430 53%
 NC 4,176 3,878 3,551 12,044 11,183 10,241 4,441,010 53%
 ND 3,930 3,649 3,342 9,173 8,518 7,800 345,400 6%
 OH 4,448 4,130 3,782 11,279 10,472 9,590 6,706,100 59%
 OK 4,286 3,979 3,644 11,101 10,307 9,439 1,648,530 48%
 OR 4,359 4,047 3,706 11,650 10,817 9,906 1,888,140 52%
 PA 4,317 4,009 3,671 11,746 10,906 9,987 7,041,680 58%
 RI 5,137 4,770 4,368 12,020 11,160 10,220 584,730 56%
 SC 4,437 4,120 3,773 11,734 10,895 9,977 2,079,910 50%
 SD 4,056 3,766  3,449 11,788  10,945  10,023  388,100 51%
 TN 4,274 3,968  3,634 12,397  11,511  10,541  2,854,050 49%
 TX 4,447 4,129  3,781  11,890  11,040  10,110  10,805,450 48%
 UT 3,568  3,313  3,034  10,178  9,450  8,654  1,431,430 58% 
 VT 4,791 4,449  4,074  12,572  11,673  10,690  318,520 52%
 VA 4,546 4,221  3,865  12,031  11,171  10,230  4,406,750 60%
 WA 4,243 3,940  3,608  12,016  11,157  10,217  3,428,500 56%
 WV 4,342 4,032  3,692  11,281  10,474  9,592  867,510 48%
 WI 4,618 4,288  3,927  11,933  11,079  10,146  3,198,690 59%
 WY 4,423 4,107  3,761  11,393  10,578  9,687  264,970 53%

NOTE:
1 - The JEC is a bicameral Congressional Committee composed of ten members from each the Senate and the House of Representatives.  There are twelve Democrats and eight Republicans on the Committee.  The JEC was established by the Employment Act of 1946 (Public Law 304).  Its main purpose is to make a continuing study of matters relating to the US economy.   The Committee holds hearings, performs research and advises Members of Congress.

Additional Resources


Commonwealth Fund:
State Trends in Premiums and Deductibles, 2003–2010: The Need for Action to Address Rising Costs, posted November 17, 2011 [NEW]
- Issue Brief (4441K PDF)
- Chartpack (573K PDF)

Health Insurance Premiums:  Past High Costs Will Become the Present and Future Without Health Reform

- Posted by DHHS January 28, 2011 [NEW]

Premiums versus Paychecks: A Growing Burden for Workers: "Over the last eight years, health care costs have skyrocketed, while working families’ wages have stood still, putting a significant strain on family budgets. This series of state-specific reports examine what these trends mean for working families." Press Releases by Families USA, (October 2008)

Individual Health Insurance 2006-2007: A Comprehensive Survey of Premiums, Availability, and Benefits - One of a series of AHIP surveys, shows that the market for individually purchased coverage is more affordable and accessible than may be widely known. Published 12/17/07.

50-State Health Insurance and access profile - Compares 2007 and 2004 data for insurance coverage.  Published 12/07 by Minnesota State Health Access Data Assistance Center, posted 12/08.

Health Insurance Coverage Rates (0-64 years) by Type of Coverage and State: 2007- Published 12/07 by Minnesota State Health Access Data Assistance Center, posted 2/10.

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