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2013 NCSL Legislative Summit

2013 Spring forum iconPlan to attend this premier, nonpartisan public policy meeting to hear and discuss critical state issues and experience this great American city on August 12-15. Over 100 sessions to choose from and a variety of training workshops plus the chance to hear renowned experts in the nation share their perspectives on public policies and politics.  More

Private School Choice for Students with Disabilities

classroom with teacherAs states continue to study and enact private school choice laws, students with disabilities are increasingly on their radar. Balancing state policies with federal laws and regulations can be challenging for lawmakers as they consider offering more choices to these students. More

Bullying Legislation

Group of childrenPreventing and reducing instances of bullying in schools is becoming an important issue for state legislatures. Since 2006, 49 states have enacted legislation to address bullying, covering topics such as mental health, cyberbullying, hazing, and bullying off school premises. This page details each state's legislative actions, including links to full bill texts. More


 

Getting to Excellence: A Legislator's Guide to Educator Effectiveness Policy

Red pencil with A+ gradeThis publication was created as a guide for state legislators as they consider policies that support educators and improve the quality of teaching.  It provides an overview of the major areas of educator policy, lists questions they might ask as they consider their own policy context, and offers policy options states are considering. More

Year-Round Learning

Children in classYear-round learning initiatives allow students to have access to quality expanded learning opportunities that support and reinforce regular school-day and school-year learning. These programs also engage families and youths in learning, allow educational partners to share resources, help prevent summer learning loss, and create coordinated data tracking systems. NCSL collaborated with Harvard Family Research Project on a new brief on the year round learning approach to ELOs. More

NCSL Education Bill Tracking Database 

American flagThe NCSL Education bill tracking database tracks state  ducation legislation on more than 50 education issues. The database includes enacted legislation. More

 

Hot Topics: Education

Education

NCSL tracks a wide range of issues and at any one time some topics are of particular interest to legislators and legislative staff. On this page you will find issues of key concern in the area of Education.

 

Overview: Education

Content

Overview

Education

The NCSL Education Program collects information relating to all state and federal education issues, including
 
·         school readiness
·         K-12 education
·         postsecondary education
·         adult learning
 
We track state legislative action, identify new and important research relevant to public policy, highlight education policy news and disseminate information on successful state innovations.
 
Legislators and staff may contact NCSL staff for information about an education issue, to pursue involvement in any of our special projects, or to arrange for technical assistance in your state. Current projects include:
 
  • Education Finance. With support from the Gates Foundation, NCSL connects state legislators with the best and most recent research and ideas addressing how states can most effectively deploy scarce state resources.
  • Educator Effectiveness. NCSL tracks state educator effectiveness initiatives and connects legislators to the latest research and reform efforts.
  • College and Career Readiness. NCSL tracks state college and career readiness initiatives including the Common Core State Standards Initiative and dropout prevention and recovery efforts.
  • Maintaining Access and Affordability in Tough Economic Times. Supported by the Lumina Foundation, this effort is taking a critical look at the way states design funding and policy for higher education.
  • Improving College Completion. With support from the Lumina Foundation, NCSL works with state legislators to improve college completion and productivity.
  • Expanded Learning Opportunities. Funded by the Mott Foundation, learn about innovative state models of after-school, summer learning and other expanded learning programs. In-depth technical assistance for your state around time and learning is available, including school calendar policies. Support is also provided to statewide afterschool networks, which can be a resource to policymakers.
  • School Leadership. Supported by the Wallace Foundation, NCSL works to increase the number and quality of school leaders nationwide along with a network of researchers, policymakers and practitioners.
  • Education Technology / Digital Learning. Supported by the MacArthur Foundation, this effort is designed to provide information, examples, and perspectives on the changing world of digital learning and implications for state policy.
  • The Federal Role in Education. Learn about state and federal activity related to NCLB, and other federal initiatives.
  • Legislative Education Bill Tracking Database. This database contains summaries of more than 1,000 legislative actions on education from 2002 through the present. Searches can be performed by issues area, keyword, bill number or year.
  • NCSL Standing Committee on Education.  The committee studies federal and state education issues, and provides a forum for discussion about education policy between legislators and legislative staff.
  • Legislative Education Staff Network (LESN). A joint effort between NCSL and Education Commission of the States (ECS), the LESN provides ongoing professional development opportunities for legislative staff and a forum for sharing information.
 

For more information, contact: Barbara Houlik, NCSL Staff.

 

Education Bill Tracking Database Overview

Content

NCSL Education Bill Tracking Database

Overview

Each year, state legislatures across the country introduce thousands of education bills. Education is one of the most legislated topics in the state legislatures. NCSL Education Program attempts to compile and list these bills each legislative session to facilitate the sharing of ideas among states. The scope of the legislation is vast within K-12 and higher education, varying in their approaches and content, as well as representing the unique legislative processes of the states.

The Education Bill Tracking Database compiles enacted state legislation concerning over 50 education issues. They are organized by the calendar year the bill is enacted into law. Bills from 2008 to present are made available through State Net. Summaries of the bills are provided by State Net, as well as Education Program staff. Please visit individual state legislatures’ Web sites for full texts and other details of the bills.

For more information or questions concerning the database contact: Josh Cunnningham, NCSL Staff Liaison.

 

 

 

 

Postsecondary Education Overview

NCSL Education Program

Postsecondary Education Overview

The importance of postsecondary education has increased significantly in the last decade. A high school diploma is no longer sufficient in the 21st century. In order to be successful in today’s global economy a person must receive some form of postsecondary education. And the economic stability of the state is tied to citizens who are employed and productive. 

With this in mind, state legislatures have been working hard on issues related to postsecondary education funding, access and accountability. The challenges facing postsecondary education, however, are no longer limited to these traditional issues. The world of higher education is dramatically changing. States are rethinking the role of public support to higher education; new alternative providers have entered the marketplace; students want and need different things from higher education. The student population is more diverse than ever before -- many students are attending school part-time or are adult learners with different needs than traditional students. Some states are experiencing significant enrollment growth, while others face a declining student population. Yet, states want their systems of higher education to deliver high quality education to all students and be accountable to the public. As a result, states face multiple challenges in designing a system of higher education that will continue to be the best in the world.   

Key Issues:
  • Guns on Campus
  • Minority-Serving Institutions
  • Productivity
  • Tuition Policy
  • Undocumented Students      

 

 

 

 

 

Bill Spotlight

DiplomaOn Jan. 26, 2010, Tennessee Governor Phil Bredesen signed the "Complete College Tennessee Act of 2010" into law. The bill focuses on long-term solutions for problems such as college completion, accountability, transfer and articulation, and job placement. More

 

Hot Topic

DiplomaDuring the past two decades, enrollment at for-profit institutions increased 225 percent. Today, as more and more community colleges meet and exceed their enrollment capacities, for-profit colleges and universities are becoming an attractive option for students. Recent investigations by Congress and the U.S. Department of Education, however, have put for-profit institutions in a negative spotlight. More

This Week in Higher Education

Picture of magnifying glassSee the latest updates in higher education policy, news, and research. Updated weekly! More

 

 

Featured Publication

NCSL and The College Board have joined together to produce a practical policy guide for state legislators to help achieve college completion goals. The guide acts as a road map toward increasing the number of Americans who attain a postsecondary degree and empowering legislators to be an even more positive and active force in education reform. More

Early Learning

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Early Learning

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What happens to children--especially in their early years--echoes over the long haul across a broad range of social policy areas. How children fare today will be felt in all parts of society--in schools, the economy, health, welfare and criminal justice systems. In addition, polls suggest voters are dissatisfied over governmental responses to the needs of children and families. To address these concerns and help legislators support families in their communities, NCSL tracks state and federal policies and programs in four key areas:  early childhood care and education, welfare and poverty, child welfare and youth programs. In addition, we offer resources on child support, marriage, domestic violence and family law. The human services federal affairs staff represents state legislatures on the full range of federal human service issues in Washington, D.C.
 
Child Care and Early Education has captured the attention of policymakers, researchers, educators and parents in recent years. The increase of mothers in the workforce, along with new information about brain development and the long-term benefits of early education programs, have contributed to the prominence of these issues. Sixty-one percent of children under age 6 in the United States are in some kind of care outside the home. We offer the latest information on prekindergarten programs, child care subsidy systems, and descriptions of states' funding and policy choices.

Here are some of the highlighted issues on the website:

 

 

High Schools
Students with diplomas

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Featured Links

Featured Publications

High Schools

View all documents related to this topic by clicking on the document library tab at the top of this page.

The performance of high schools around the country is receiving a significant amount of attention from state and federal policymakers, business interests and communities as we continue to learn more about the challenges our education system is facing in the new global economy. High schools are being asked to revamp their curriculum, methodology, and teacher and student relationship paradigms to better serve the needs of students, communities, and our state and local economies. In today's global economy, America's ability to compete depends on our ability to prepare high school graduates to be successful in an increasingly knowledge-based economy.
 
Too many high school graduates are not adequately prepared for postsecondary education or training, nor are they prepared to be competitive in the work force. In a  survey by Achieve Inc., college instructors estimated that more than 40 percent of high school graduates are not ready for college courses, and up to 30 percent of first-year postsecondary education students must take remedial courses. In the same survey, employers estimated 45 percent of high school graduates lack the skills to advance beyond entry-level jobs.
 
For those students who don't graduate from high school, the outcomes are devastating. More than 1 million students who enter ninth grade each year fail to graduate with their peers four years later, and approximately 7,000 students drop out every school day. According to the Editorial Projects in Education Research Center, some 70 percent of students nationally graduate from high school on time, but little more than half of African-American and Hispanic students earn diplomas with their peers.
 
This website is organized around the following key issues related to high school policy:

You can see all the documents related to this topic by clicking on the document library tab at the top of this page or you can search all education documents on the site here.

      
 

 

Postsecondary

Postsecondary Education

Diplomas in air

NCSL Education Program

Contact

  • Julie Bell, Group Director                        (303) 364-7700
  • Michelle Liu, Policy Specialist           (303) 856-1531

Featured Publications

studentState Policies to Improve Student Transfer
Many students attend more than one institution of higher education before earning a degree. States can help students successfully earn degrees by implementing transfer and articulation policies that prevent loss of already earned credits and valuable time. This brief reviews state policy options and discusses the benefits of such policies to colleges, students and the state. More

Higher Education CapitolLegislation in 2012
Learn about higher education laws enacted by state legislatures in 2012. Topics addressed include workforce development, performance funding and college costs. More

View all documents related to this topic by clicking on the document library tab at the top of this page.

The importance of postsecondary education has increased significantly in the last decade. A high school diploma is no longer sufficient in the 21st century. In order to be successful in today’s global economy a person must receive some form of postsecondary education. The economic stability of the state is tied to citizens who are employed and productive. 

The documents in this collection deal with the many challenges state lawmakers face in relation to postsecondary education, including funding, access, accountability, the role of alternative providers in the marketplace and the changing needs of a more diverse student population.

Here are key issues covered by these documents:

You can see all the documents related to this topic by clicking on the document library tab at the top of this page or you can search all education documents on the site here.

 

Teachers and Leaders

Teachers and Leaders

Teacher with Students

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News

Bill Spotlight: At least 14 states passed legislation during the 2010 legislative sessions to strengthen the evaluation process for teachers and principals. More
  
Featured Publication: Preparing a Pipeline of Effective Principals: A Legislative Approach, September 2012.More

Kid with schoool busPartnership Project on Educator Effectiveness: A host of NCSL Foundation members are partnering with legislators and legislative staff to address teacher and principal effectiveness. More

Recent Webinars:

 Recent Meetings:

View all documents related to this topic by clicking on the document library tab at the top of this page.

Effective educators matter. A lot. Research confirms that teachers and leaders are the two most significant school-based factors affecting student achievement, particularly in our lowest performing schools. Teachers have direct impact on students, teaching and molding them every day. Effective teachers can determine whether the student is making growth or falling behind and adjust curriculum and delivery methods as needed. They establish a classroom environment that fosters a thirst for knowledge and exploration. Quality principals create vision; attract, retain, develop and support teachers and school staff; and strengthen school culture. They are also uniquely positioned in their schools to ensure teaching and learning spread beyond single classrooms.

At a time when the United States is falling behind other countries in student achievement and a skilled labor force is essential for economic competitiveness, policymakers are searching for promising new policy ideas to address teacher and principal quality. Although great strides have been made to improve the quality of teaching and leadership in schools, many challenges still exist. The information and resources provided below are designed to aid policymakers as they work to strengthen educator effectiveness and dramatically improve student achievement.

Here are the highlighted issues on this webpage:

Teachers and Leaders

Teachers

  • Preparation
  • Licensure/Certification
  • Recruitment and Retention
  • Compensation
  • Mentoring/Induction
  • Professional Development
  • Working Conditions
  • Evaluation
  • Linking Student and Teacher Data
  • Teacher Publications

Leaders

 

Education Finance
Money

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Education Finance

View all documents related to this topic by clicking on the document library tab at the top of this page.

The U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) reported that elementary and secondary institutions spent $660 billion in 2008-09. Combined with higher education institutions, total education expenditures comprised an estimated 7.6 percent of the gross domestic product (Digest of Education Statistics: 2009). Schools in the U.S. receive funding from federal, state and local sources. The National Education Association (NEA) compiles up-to-date education finance data from the U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Department of Education, comparing state funding levels each year. In their December 2009 publication, Rankings and Estimates, the NEA reported that in the 2008-09 school year the federal government contributed 9.4 percent of total funding to schools, while states contributed 47.1 percent and local governments contributed 43.5 percent. The same report found that the average per-pupil funding based on enrollment in 2008-09 from all revenue sources was $11,681.

For more information, see:

You can see all the documents related to this topic by clicking on the document library tab at the top of this page or you can search all education documents on the site here.

 
      
 

 

Federal Issues

Federal Issues

Resources

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Latest Federal Action

  • On May 22, 2012, the U.S. Department of Education released draft regulations for a new school district-level Race to the Top (RTTT) competitive grant program. More
  • On Feb. 13, 2012, NCSL Education Committee Co-Chairs Senator John Goedde and Representative Roy Takumi sent a letter to the House Education & Workforce Committee responding to the Student Success Act and the Encouraging Innovation and Effective Teachers Act prior to the committee markup of the bills.
  • On Feb. 6, 2012, NCSL Executive Bill Pound joined other state and local governance organizations to send a letter to Congress to fix and reauthorize the Elementary & Secondary Education Act before the begining of the 2012-13 school year.
  •  On Jan. 6, 2012, House Education & Workforce Committee Chairman John Kline introduced two pieces of legislation, The Student Success Act, and the Encouraging Innovation & Effective Teachers Act, intended to address accountability and teacher effectiveness issues as part of the Committee’s consideration of reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA).  More
  • On Oct. 19 2011, the HELP Committee began to mark up its version of ESEA reauthorization, the federal statue under which NCLB is contained. After Senator Rand Paul objected that there had not been enough time to review the bill’s 144 amendments (74 of which he had introduced), Chairman Tom Harkin and Ranking Member Mike Enzi announced they would schedule a hearing on Nov. 8, after the mark up has been completed but before the bill would go to the floor. Since Senator Paul agreed to drop his objection, the plan is to complete the mark up by the end of the week. 
  • On Oct. 18 2011, NCSL sent up a copy of its action policy on ESEA reauthorization to HELP Committee members. The policy calls for full reauthorization of the Act in order to correct problems with No Child Left Behind.
  • On Sept. 23, 2011, President Obama announced a waiver package to provide some relief from states for certain requirements of NCLB.
  • On Sept. 14, 2011, a group of Republican Senators introduced a series of bills address problems with No Child Left Behind.
  • On Sept. 13, 2011, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Empowering Parents Through Quality Charter Schools Act by a vote of 365-54.
  • On Aug. 8, 2011, Secretary of Education Arne Duncan announced that President Obama was directing the Department of Education to provide a process for states to seek relief from key provisions of the law provided they embraced certain education reforms.   The Obama Administration had previously expressed its frustration with Congress for failing to reauthorize ESEA.
  • From May to July 2011, The House Education and Workforce Committee passed three bills related to education reform as part of its strategy to tackle reauthorization through several focused pieces of legislation rather than a single comprehensive bill.  The bills are H.R. 2445, the State and Local Funding Flexibility Act; H.R. 2218, the Empowering Parents Through Quality Charter Schools Act; and H.R. 1891, the Setting New Priorities in Education Spending Act.  None of these bills has been considered on the House floor. 

President Obama and Education Secretary Arne Duncan announcing the administration’s NCLB Waiver Authority plan in the East Room of the White House. Photo taken by Lee Posey View all documents related to this topic by clicking on the document library tab at the top of this page.

Elementary and Secondary Education Act

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) enacts the largest federal K-12 education programs, representing 40% of the U.S. Department of Education’s budget.  The latest reincarnation of ESEA, No Child Left Behind (NCLB) was signed into law in January of 2002.  It was due to be reauthorized by October 1, 2007.  To date, Congress has not completed reauthorization, although both the Senate and House committees of jurisdiction have held numerous hearings on the topic.    This page will provide the latest information on ESEA reauthorization.


ALERT: ESEA Reauthorization Bill Passes Senate Committee Vote


On Thursday, October 20, the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) Committee approved legislation reauthorizing the Elementary and Secondary Act (ESEA) by a vote of 15-7. The yet unnumbered bill was sponsored by the Committee’s Chairman, Senator Harkin (Iowa) and Ranking Member, Senator Enzi (Wyoming), and gained the support of Republican Senators Kirk (Illinois) and Alexander (Tennessee). The bill would scrap the accountability system at the heart of the nearly 10 year old No Child Left Behind law, the current iteration of ESEA. Additionally, this bill:

  • Calls on states to craft career and college ready standards;
  • Retains the NCLB testing structure of testing math and reading in grades 3-8 and once in high schools;
  • Continue the requirement that states disaggregate data by particular subgroups of students; and
  • Focuses turnaround strategies on the 5% lowest performing schools.   An amendment offered by Senator Alexander, adopted by a vote of 15-7, would allow states to submit their own turnaround plan as an option, subject to approval by the Secretary.

Senators Harkin and Enzi announced that the Committee would hold an additional hearing on No Child Left Behind on November 8 prior to the bill coming before the Senate floor. This hearing was scheduled in response to Senator Paul (Kentucky) who, citing the length of the bill and the speed of the process, used a Senate rule to stop committee proceedings on the first day.

Senator Harkin has expressed optimism that the bill can be taken up by the Senate before Thanksgiving, and be considered in the House before Christmas. However, the House Education & Workforce Committee is currently committed to strategy of adopting numerous discrete bills instead a single comprehensive reauthorization bill. To date only one of the House bills (regarding the federal charter school program) has been passed by the House of Representatives, leaving the true timing of ESEA being reauthorized unclear at this point. 

Charter School Legislation Passes House

On Wednesday, September 13, the House of Representatives passed the “Empowering Parents Through Quality Charter Schools” act (H.R. 2218) by a vote of 365-54, a vote that highlights the bill’s bipartisan support. The bill makes changes to the federal charter school grants to allow them to be used for charter school development and strengthens quality authorizing practices and transparency on financial audits. The bill authorizes $300 million for each of Fiscal Years 2012-2017 for federal support for charter schools.  During floor debate on September 8 and 13, the House considered eight amendments. 

The following amendments were accepted (sponsor’s name and state noted):

  • Manager’s Amendment providing for technical and clarifying changes to the bill that was reported out of Committee on Education and the Workforce, and also added some provisions regarding parental input and education for at-risk students (Kline, Minnesota)
  • Amendment adding to the purpose section of the bill the importance of innovation in public education to prepare students to compete in the global economy (Davis, California)
  • Amendment changing the duration of the subgrants from five years to three years to allow successful and eligible charter schools to replicate and expand (Paulsen, Minnesota)
  • Amendment to include instruction and professional development in science and technology, engineering, and math studies as an objective, where appropriate, in the requirements for running a quality charter school program (Lujan, New Mexico)
  • Amendment to add a priority for federal charter schools funds for states that allow charter school authorizers besides local educational agencies (Polis, Colorado)

The following amendments were rejected (sponsor’s name and state noted):

  • Amendment removing governor’s eligibility to apply for federal grant funding to oversee charter school operations in their states (Moore, Wisconsin)
  • Amendment that would encourage the Secretary for Education to accord priority in awarding grants to states that support “green” building practices (Holt, New Jersey)
  • Amendment striking from the definition of what constitutes a high-quality charter school the academic improvement of disabled, minority, and economically disadvantaged students (King, Iowa)

At the end of the floor consideration, Representative Hanabusa of Hawaii made a motion to recommit the bill to the House Education and Workforce Committee, with instructions that it be reported back immediately with an amendment requiring each state entity receiving grants have policies in place to require criminal background checks for school employees and deny employment to individuals convicted of certain crimes. This motion was rejected 189-231.  House Education and Workforce Chairman Kline indicated his desire that such a provision be consider under circumstances in which it would apply to all schools, not just charter schools. 

NCSL Action Policy

Passed at NCSL's 2011 Legislative Summit in San Antonio, Texas

NCLB significantly shifted control of K-12 education to federal officials and away from state and local elected officials. While the original intent of NCLB—to identify the unmet needs of all children in our education systems and promote education reform—is commendable, state legislators believe that current federal policy dilutes the impact of limited federal resources. NCLB also mandates the use of a flawed and discredited method of measuring academic progress that over-identifies failure and promotes a process and compliance model of federal-state interaction, instead of allowing for state innovation.

NCSL calls upon Congress to complete the overdue reauthorization of NCLB. State legislators believe that NCLB should be rethought in its entirety and calls on Congress to swiftly adopt legislation that:

  • Incorporates the recommendations of the NCSL Task Force on No Child Left Behind. These recommendations include revitalizing the state-federal partnership; overhauling Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP); amending the state plan approval process to make it more transparent and less arbitrary; and changing the sequence of consequences for under-performing schools;
  • Follows the concept of incentive-based programs as opposed to the coercive, punitive system at the heart of NCLB;
  • Acknowledges state constitutions and state elected officials as well as basic principles of federalism;
  • Focuses on the need for effective teachers in classrooms, rather than meeting a federal definition of “highly qualified teachers”; and
  • Avoids penalties that reduce federal K-12 funding for any state that shows continuous improvement in student achievement, and/or a closing of the achievement gap in that state, using any legitimate metric that is incorporated into state policy.

 

 

Time and Learning

Time and Learning

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News

Children in classroomNew Publication:  Year-round learning initiatives allow students to have access to quality expanded learning opportunities that support and reinforce regular school-day and school-year learning. These programs also engage families and youths in learning, allow educational partners to share resources, help prevent summer learning loss, and create coordinated data tracking systems. NCSL collaborated with Harvard Family Research Project on a new brief on the year round learning approach to ELOs. More

New Expanded Learning Opportunities Briefs: Expanded learning opportunities (ELOs) offer students safe, structured, and engaged learning environments outside of the traditional school day that support and complement what students are learning during the day. With support from the Wallace Foundation, NCSL has created a series of three briefs to keep state legislatures informed of current ELO policies and trends across the country. More


Rethinking "Seat Time": State Approaches to Earning Credit in Out-of-School Time: To lower high school dropout rates and prepare students for jobs, more state policymakers are rethinking traditional ways of earning high school credit and instead are considering proficiency-based learning. Some states are allowing credits to be earned through expanded learning opportunities (ELOs), such as afterschool programs.  NCSL’s Education Standing Committee held a session called "Rethinking Seat Time" at NCSL’s 2012 Fall Forum in Washington, D.C., during which panelists discussed different approaches to earning credit in out-of-school time and the legislative policy implications. More

 

Kids around computer

Expanded Learning Opportunities: Summer Learning, After-School, and Extended Day and Year Programs

View all documents related to this topic by clicking on the document library tab at the top of this page.

"Expanded Learning Opportunities" (ELOs) is an umbrella term that encompasses a variety of initiatives to provide students additional opportunities for academic support and enrichment, mentoring, recreation, character education and other developmental activities. ELOs include before-and after-school programs, Saturday, weekend, and summer programs, and extended day and year initiatives. For ELOs to affect student achievement, it is important that they're high quality. Such programs provide a break from traditional classroom instruction and feature a mix of academic and enrichment activities that boost both academic and important nonacademic (e.g., leadership, social, emotional) skills.

Before- and after-school programs occur before the school day begins and from 3–6 p.m. on weekday afternoons. They can offer a range of diverse programming including academic support, homework help, mentoring, field trips, physical education and arts and cultural enrichment. 

Saturday and weekend programs offer the potential to engage students and families whose work-related commitments constrain their ability to participate in programs during the school week. Weekend programming may include service learning projects, internships, English as a Second Language (ESL) courses, parent literacy programs, and family-oriented activities. 

Summer programs fall into two major categories:

  • School-based remediation and credit-recovery programs that provide supplemental instruction and supports for students not performing at grade level. In some instances, participation in these programs is mandatory and tied to advancement to the next grade level or to graduation.

  • Extracurricular, recreational and enrichment programs--which may also offer an academic component--offered by schools, community-based providers, youth-serving organizations, and for-profit companies.  Participation in these programs is usually voluntary and often fee-based. 

Extended day and year initiatives explicitly modify the traditional school calendar by adding time to the school day, lengthening the school year, or otherwise modifying the school schedule. Extended day/year calendars had previously been adopted to alleviate overcrowding but, more recently, have been designed as part of an overall approach to meeting student academic needs. These initiatives may provide more time for core academic instruction, community-based enrichment activities, and teacher professional development.

 

 

More Information on Key ELO and School Calendar Issues

 

School Choice and Charters
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School Choice Topics

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School Choice and Charters

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School choice issues, particularly charter school issues, have been part of public education policy dialogue for some time. They aim to improve overall quality of K-12 education by providing parental choice and allowing free market principles to guide such choices. Over the years, the list of school choice options that have been debated have included open enrollment, tuition tax credits / deductions, vouchers, homeschooling, magnet schools, charter schools, and other variations. A substantial amount of these debates take place in the state legislatures because the programs that enable choice in public education are legislative enactments.

Charter schools have gained attention in recent history and represent particularly unique issues of their own. As the body of research around these semi-autonomous schools grows, where they fit in the larger landscape of education reform continues to be important to state legislators. The documents presented here are to help state lawmakers sort through the information that is available for their policy decisions.  

You can see all the documents related to this topic by clicking on the document library tab at the top of this page or you can search all education documents on the site here.

 

Education Technology
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Education Technology 

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There is much discussion right now about improving our nation’s global competitiveness, and effective use of education technology is often cited as a tool that can change the way students are prepared for the 21st century economy. Increasingly, our nation’s schools, libraries and community centers are using technology to incorporate learning into students’ everyday lives. Effectively integrating technology in education settings, understanding technology’s effect on student learning, and articulating the role of state policymakers in incorporating best practices is critical to the success of today’s students as they navigate a quickly evolving interconnected and globalized society.

 

Issues & Resources

Find the NCSLstaff member who handles the issue in which you are interested.

NCSLprovides access to current state and federal legislation and a comprehensive list of state documents, including state statutes, constitutions, legislative audits and research reports.

Members

As legislators and legislative staff, you are part of the nation's largest, most influential and only bipartisan organization of state legislators and staff.Learn about the resources NCSL has for you.

NCSL offers an array of services for legislative staff. Find out what's available.

Denver Office
Tel: 303-364-7700 | Fax: 303-364-7800 | 7700 East First Place | Denver, CO 80230

 

Washington Office
Tel: 202-624-5400 | Fax: 202-737-1069 | 444 North Capitol Street, N.W., Suite 515 | Washington, D.C. 20001

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