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2005 Privacy Legislation Related to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

Last update: January 30, 2006

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology can be thought of as a next-generation bar code. A simple RFID tag consists of a microchip and antenna, which when stimulated by a remote "reader," sends back information via radio waves. Like a bar code, an RFID tag identifies the product it is attached to for inventory or purchasing purposes; but an RFID tag can do even more. For example, RFID tags can hold information related to the expiration date of a product, record whether a product has been exposed to excessive heat, or could be used to assist with product recalls.  An RFID-tagged product can be tracked as it moves in commerce, providing better ways to identify and meet consumer demand for products. 

The use of RFID has raised privacy concerns in some states, particularly with regard to the potential linking of personal information with RFID tags.  At least 12 states in 2005 introduced privacy legislation relating to the use of RFID.  (See also additional background information with 2004 legislation.)

 

State

Bill number Requires disclosure Requires removal or deactivation Prohibits linking RFID data to personal information Prohibits use Other
California

S.B. 682 

09/09/05 Legislature adjourned

05/16/05 Passed Senate
08/17/05 Placed on Comm. on Appropriations suspense file.

Yes, disclosure of device, reader locations, shield devices and reason for reading.  Annual updates also
required. 

 

Yes

In four kinds of mass-distributed identification documents issued by the government: drivers’ licenses, K-12 student IDs, government health and benefit cards, and public library cards.  This timeout for RFID in these four kinds of mass-distributed IDs is for only three years.

Permits the use of RFID in government-issued IDs.  However, in some cases the IDs must meet certain security and privacy requirements.  In most cases, the documents cannot remotely transmit information other than a unique personal identifier number (though exceptions are made for use by the corrections system and emergency services, etc.).

Criminalizes remotely reading the document without the owner's knowledge.
California

S.B. 768

09/09/05 Legislature adjourned

05/31/05 Passed Senate
09/08/05 Placed on inactive file on request of Assembly Member.

Yes, disclosure of device, reader locations, shield devices and reason for reading.  Annual updates also
required. 
 

Yes

In four kinds of mass-distributed identification documents issued by the government: drivers’ licenses, K-12 student IDs, government health and benefit cards, and public library cards.  This timeout for RFID in these four kinds of mass-distributed IDs is for only three years.

Permits the use of RFID in government-issued IDs.  However, in some cases the IDs must meet certain security and privacy requirements.  In most cases, the documents cannot remotely transmit information other than a unique personal identifier number (though exceptions are made for use by the corrections system and emergency services, etc.).

Criminalizes remotely reading the document without the owner's knowledge.
Illinois H.B. 4088         Provides that a hospital must use a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag in connection with each surgery performed at the hospital. The tag must identify (i) the patient and the surgeon, (ii) the date and type of surgery, and (iii) the body part to be operated on.

Maryland

H.B. 354

04/11/05 Legislature adjourned

 

 

 

 

Creates a task force to study the use of RFID by retailers and manufacturers.

Massachusetts

H.B. 1447
S.B. 181

01/26/05 H Referred to the committee on Consumer Protection; Senate concurred

Yes

Yes

 

 

Attorney general to promulgate regulations

Missouri

S.B. 128

05/26/05 Legislature adjourned

Yes

 

 

 

 

Missouri

S.B. 638

2006 Regular Session

 Yes

       

Nevada

A.B. 264

06/07/05 Legislature adjourned

Yes

 

 

 

 

New Hampshire H.B. 203

02/03/05
Retained in Commerce Committee

 Yes

       

New Mexico

H.B. 215

03/19/05 Legislature adjourned

Yes

Yes

Yes

 

 

Rhode Island

H.B. 5929

07/15/05
Vetoed by 
Governor

 

 

 

By state or municipal agencies for tracking the movement or identity of an employee, student or client as a condition of obtaining a benefit or services.

 

South Dakota

H.B. 1114

03/22/05 Legislature adjourned

 

 

 

In humans (no person may require RFID implantation)

 

South Dakota

H.B. 1136

03/22/05 Legislature adjourned

 

Yes

 

Of personal information obtained via RFID without permission

 

Tennessee

H.B. 300
S.B. 699

05/28/05 Legislature adjourned

Yes

 

 

 

 

Texas

H.B. 2953

05/30/05 Legislature adjourned

 

 

 

For mandatory tracking or identification of public school students.

 

Texas

H.B. 2 (1st Called Session)

07/20/05 Special Session adjourned

06/28/05 Passed House
06/30/05 Passed Senate

      For mandatory tracking or identification of public school students.  
Utah H.B. 185

03/11/05
Signed by Governor
       

Clarifies that computer crimes laws apply to wireless networks.  Exempts from the Computer Crimes Act certain collections of information through the use of RFID-type technology.

Virginia

H.B. 1304

02/27/05 Legislature adjourned

        Requires public bodies to conduct a privacy impact analysis when authorizing or prohibiting the use of invasive technologies, such as RFID
Wisconsin

A.B. 290

        Prohibits requiring an individual to undergo the implanting of a microchip

NCSL Contact: Pam Greenberg, 303-364-7700 ext. 1413, pam.greenberg@ncsl.org

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