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State Tax Study Commissions

Former Senator Russell Long of Louisiana had a succinct definition of tax reform: "Tax reform means 'don't tax you, don't tax me, tax that fellow behind the tree.'" While states tinker with their tax systems every year, most have tended to overlook the need for more fundamental tax reform to reflect structural economic change. Reform, according to University of Tennessee professor William Fox, "would seem to achieve more goals than just revenue chasing. Other goals might include better revenue elasticity, improved fairness, reduced efficiency costs, easier administration and compliance."

Reconfiguring a tax system is a daunting task and broad tax reform efforts are not undertaken lightly. Yet most states have at least considered it at one time or another, usually through commissioning a tax study or appointing a blue ribbon panel.

At least 37 states have conducted tax studies since 2000. The following chart documents selected tax reform efforts in the states over the last 20 years. These vary considerably in their size, scope and focus. Tax reform efforts selected for inclusion in this compilation are relatively comprehensive in nature. In addition, the following include tax studies that involved a direct government role in conducting or commissioning them. This compilation generally does not include studies conducted independently of state governments and without formal presentation of the resulting reports to state government officials, or those done purely for academic research or private interests.

State

Latest State Tax Study Commission and Report and
Previous State and Other Tax Studies

Alabama

2003. "Legislator's Guide to Alabama Taxes,"
13th edition of report on major revenue sources by legislative fiscal office.
Http://www.lfo.state.al.us/pdfs/TAXGUIDEwCHARTS_3_4_03.pdf

1992. "Report of the Tax Reform Task Force."
http://parca.samford.edu/Tax%20Reform%20Report%201992.pdf

Alaska

1998. "An Assessment of the Effects of the Cruise Industry on Local Government Revenue and Expenditures."
http://www.dced.state.ak.us/trade/toubus/impacts.htm

1991. Fish Tax Study conducted by the Department of Revenue.

Arizona

2002. "The Revenue Impact of Arizona Tax Expenditures," prepared for Governor and Legislature in accordance with ARS 42-1005.
http://www.revenue.state.az.us/ResearchStats/Taxep05P.pdf

1989. Arizona Joint Select Committee on State Revenues and Expenditures.

Arkansas

2003. "Tax Options for Arkansas," study on state tax structure by the Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation.
http://www.wrockefellerfoundation.org/pdfs/tax_summary.pdf

California

2003. "Options for Revising the California Tax System," report to the governor by the California Commission on Tax Policy in the New Economy.
http://commerce.ca.gov/ttca/pdfs/link_overview/ersi/TaxComm_OptionsForRevisingCATaxSystem_6-23-03.pdf

Colorado

2002. "Colorado Commission on Taxation Final Report."
http://www.dola.state.co.us/taxcommission/FinalReport.pdf

2001. "Colorado Commission on Taxation Interim Report."
http://www.dola.state.co.us/taxcommission/InterimReport.pdf

Connecticut

1990. Task force on State Tax Revenue.

Delaware

2003. "State of Delaware Tax Preference Report."
http://www.state.de.us/finance/publications/2003_tax_prefer/toc_1.htm

1999. "Education Finance Reform Committee Report."
http://www.state.de.us/finance/publications/efr/edfinrefreppage.htm

Florida

2002. "Florida State Tax Reform Task Force Final Report."
http://dor.wa.gov/Content/WAtaxstudy/FL_Task_Force_final_report.pdf

1986. State Sales Tax Study Commission.

Georgia

2003. House Study Committee on Sales and Use Tax Simplification.

1995. "Final Report Of The Joint Study Commission On Revenue Structure."
http://frp.aysps.gsu.edu/frp/frpreports/report_95.1/95.1_fr.html

Hawaii

2003. Hawaii Tax Review Commission, ongoing commission, periodic reports, latest report.
http://www.state.hi.us/tax/pubs/2003trc_rpt.pdf

Idaho

2002. Idaho State Tax Commission, ongoing commission, periodic reports, latest annual report.
http://www2.state.id.us/tax/pdf/publications/Annual%20Report%2002.pdf

Illinois

2003. "Illinois State and Local Business Tax Burden Study," prepared for Illinois Chamber of Commerce by the Quantitative Economics and Statistics Group, final report.
http://www.ilchamber.org/ic/ti/d/taxburden.pdf

1982. Tax Reform Commission created by the Governor.

Indiana

2002. Commission on State Tax and Financing Policy, ongoing commission, latest report.
http://www.in.gov/legislative/interim/committee/2002/committees/reports/STFP5B1.pdf

1992. "A Reexamination of the Indiana State Tax Structure: Introduction and Overview."

Iowa

1999. Task Force to Study Iowa's System of State and Local Taxation.

Kansas

1995. Tax Equity Task Force.

Kentucky

2002. "Report to the Sub-Committee on Tax Policy Issues," study conducted by University of Tennessee.
http://www.lrc.state.ky.us/ijcomm/a&r/taxpolicy/kyfinalreport.pdf

1999. Update of 1995 Kentucky Commission on Tax Policy final report.

Louisiana

1995. "A Report on Louisiana's Tax Structure."

Maine

2002. State required to conduct tax incidence study every even-numbered year.

Massachusetts

1993. Report from special commission created by state legislature to study business tax policies.

Maryland

2000. "Maryland Comparative Tax Study."

1990. Maryland Commission on State Taxes and Tax Structure.

Michigan

2002. "School Finance Reform in Michigan, Proposal A: Retrospective," conducted by Office of Revenue and Tax Analysis.
http://www.michigan.gov/documents/propa_3172_7.pdf

1999. Study on Possible Repeal of State Single Business Tax.
http://argus.mileg.org/documents/1999-2000/billanalysis/house/pdf/1999-HLA-4744-A.pdf

1982. "Michigan Fiscal and Economic Structure."

Minnesota

1999. Citizens' Jury report on Governor initiative for state-wide tax reform.

1984. Minnesota Tax Study Commission.

Mississippi

2002. Mississippi State Tax Commission, ongoing commission, latest annual report.
http://www.mstc.state.ms.us/info/annualreport/fy2002/main.htm

Missouri

2003. "Examining Missouri's Tax System."
http://www.dor.mo.gov/tax/phares

2001. "Missouri Historical Tax Summary."
Http://econ.missouri.edu/eparc/Histax/toc.htm

Montana

2003. Tax Reform Study Commission, report due 2005.

List of various tax study commissions:
http://www.state.mt.us/revenue/content/pdf/current_and_previous_tax_study_committees.pdf

Nebraska

2002. "1999 Nebraska Tax Burden Study."
http://www.revenue.state.ne.us/research/99TaxBurdenStudy.pdf

1998. "Nebraska Comprehensive Tax Study."

Nevada

2003. Governor's Task Force on Tax Policy in Nevada, reports to state legislature on an annual basis.

1990. "A Fiscal Agenda for Nevada."

New Hampshire

2001. Commission on Education Funding, blue ribbon tax study commission examined state tax revenue as related to education funding.

1992. Conducted by The Policy Economics Group of KPMG Peat Marwick at the request of the New Hampshire Legislature.

New Jersey

2002. Corporate Business Tax Study Commission, report due in 2004.

2000. Sales and Use Tax Review Commission, periodic review of legislation as it is introduced and enacted.

1988. New Jersey State and Local Expenditure and Revenue Policy Commission.

New Mexico

2003. Blue Ribbon Tax Reform Commission. Package of recommendations resulting from review of tax structure begun in March.
http://www.legis.state.nm.us/bluetaxcomm.asp

New York

1987. New York Legislative Commission on the Modernization and Simplification of Tax Administration and the Tax Law.

North Carolina

2003.  The Final Report by the Governor’s Commission to Modernize State Finances.
http://www.osbm.state.nc.us/files/pdf_files/final_rpt_gov_comm.pdf

2001. North Carolina Tax Policy Study Commission.

2000. North Carolina Tax Policy Study Commission.

North Dakota

2001. "A study of North Dakota's Tax Structure," Tax Study Committee created in 1999.
http://www.state.nd.us/taxdpt/genpubs/taxstudyreport.pdf

Ohio

2003. "Report of the Committee to Study State and Local Taxes."
http://www.state.oh.us/tax/taxstudy/taxstudy.htm

1995. "Taxation and Economic Development in Ohio, Blueprint for the Future." Studies from 1982 and 1967 also available at this link.
http://www.state.oh.us/tax/taxstudy/taxstudy.htm

Oklahoma

2001. "Revenue-Neutral Tax Reform for Oklahoma: Issues and Options."
Http://dor.wa.gov/Content/WAtaxstudy/oktax.pdf

1999. "Citizen's Task Force on Taxation Final Report." Task force created by legislature in 1997.

Oregon

2003. Joint Committee on Tax Reform, report with proposals due May 2004.

1998. Oregon Tax Review Policy Committee, created by Governor in 1998.

Pennsylvania

1999. "Comparative Analysis of Major State Business Taxes in Pennsylvania and Other States," conducted by the Pennsylvania Economy League.
http://www.pelcapital.org/Reports/Rpt%20Biz%20Tax.pdf

Rhode Island

2003. Rhode Island Tax Study Commission, report due March 2004.

South Carolina

2005. Ensuring a Competitive Revenue System for South Carolina: Findings and Conclusions from an Evaluation of the South Carolina Revenue System. Prepared for the Palmetto Institute, Clemson University.

2002. Joint Committee on Taxation, standing committee created by Act 334, first report due July 2006.

1999. "Joint Tax Study Commission Final Report."
http://www.lpitr.state.sc.us/reports/A%20Report%20on%20Joint%20Tax%20Study%20Commission.doc

South Dakota

2003. Subject-specific studies conducted annually.

1990. "Commission on Tax Fairness," last comprehensive tax study.

Tennessee

2004. Tennessee Tax Structure Study Commission.

2003. Independent Tax Structure Study Commission, deadline for report and recommendations from the study commission: July 2004 (pending legislation would extend this date by six months).

1999. "Financing Tennessee Government in the 21st Century." final report of Tennessee Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations.

Texas

2003. Texas statutes require a tax incidence study be conducted by the comptroller's office before the start of each regular legislative session.

1988. Select Committee on Tax Equity

Utah

2001. "Tax Primer." Prepared by the Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel.
http://www.le.state.ut.us/lrgc/briefingpapers/taxbrief.pdf

Vermont

1995-1996. "Vermont Tax Study," under the direction of the Joint Legislative Fiscal Committee.
http://www.leg.state.vt.us/reports/tax/tax.htm

Virginia

2003. General Assembly Tax Study Commission, to replace previous tax study commission, report pending.

The Virginia General Assembly created a committee to study and revise the Virginia tax code in 2001. The committee was re-authorized in 2002 and replaced in 2003.

Washington

2002. "Washington State Tax Structure Study Commission Final Report."
http://dor.wa.gov/Content/WAtaxstudy/Final_Report.htm

West Virginia

1999. "West Virginia Agenda for Fair Taxation," final report by Governor's Commission on Fair Taxation created in 1997.

Wisconsin

1978. Tax Incidence Study

Wyoming

1999. "Building Wyoming Tax Structure for the 21st Century," final report by the State of Wyoming Tax Reform 2000 Committee.

District of Columbia

1998. "Taxing Simply, Taxing Fairly," final report by District of Columbia Tax Revision Commission.
http://wwww.ntanet.org/dctax/dcstudy.htm

Other Tax Policy Publications:

Tax Policy Handbook for Legislators (NCSL)
http://www.ncsl.org/programs/fiscal/fptaxpolhb.htm

The Way We Tax (Governing Magazine)
http://governing.com/gpp/2003/gp3intro.htm

Who Pays (Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy)
http://www.ctj.org/itep/whopays.htm

Posted April 2004, updated July 2007.
For errors or omissions in this chart, please email mailto:statetax-info@ncsl.org?subject= or call 303-364-7700 ext. 1649.

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